Pakistan has used various methods to fund terrorism in Jammu & Kashmir. For this Pakistan has provided economic, military and political support to several terrorist groups and individuals. Following are the methods through which Pakistan funded terrorism in Jammu & Kashmir:
### 1. **Providing funds and resources to terrorist groups**:
Pakistan has provided financial help to terrorist organizations active in Jammu & Kashmir such as Lashkar-e-Taiba (LeT), Jaish-e-Mohammed (JeM), Hizbul Mujahideen (HM) and others. These organizations receive training from Pakistan, receive supplies of arms, explosives and other military materials.
### 2. **Supply of weapons**:
Pakistan has supplied arms, explosives and other military equipment to terrorists. For this terrorist activities have been carried out in Jammu & Kashmir with the help of various organizations and government agencies of Pakistan.
### 3. **Foreign funding**:
Pakistan helped terrorist organizations to get financial help from foreign sources. Under this, the funds are arranged through various collaterals, shell companies, and charity organizations, which aim to promote terrorist activities.
### 4. **Support to ISI**:
Pakistan’s intelligence agency Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI) provided training, arms, and funds to terrorist organizations. ISI motivated terrorists to infiltrate Jammu and Kashmir and carry out terrorist attacks. ISI’s role has been crucial in increasing terrorist activities in Jammu and Kashmir.
### 5. **Political and diplomatic support**:
Pakistan gave prominence to the Kashmir issue at international forums and presented it as a conflict, so as to support terrorists in Jammu and Kashmir. Apart from this, Pakistan promoted the armed struggle in Kashmir as a freedom movement, so that terrorists could get support to continue their activities.
### 6. **Spreading instability in Kashmir Valley**:
Pakistan encouraged local separatist groups and terrorist organizations to create political instability in parts of Jammu and Kashmir. Through this, Pakistan tried to destabilize peace and stability in the Kashmir Valley.
### 7. **Humanitarian and Charity Fronts**:
Pakistan provided financial assistance and other types of resources to terrorists through charity institutions and religious organizations. The purpose of these institutions was to spread instability in the Kashmir Valley and involve people in terrorist activities.
Thus, Pakistan has adopted many diverse and complex methods to finance terrorism in Jammu and Kashmir, which were aimed at challenging the sovereignty and territorial integrity of the Indian state.
Introduction
Pakistan has adopted various strategies over the decades to fund terrorism in Jammu and Kashmir. Pakistan’s efforts have been to spread instability in the Indian state of Jammu and Kashmir, promote separatism and encourage conflict against Indian rule. This work has been done mainly through Pakistan’s military and intelligence agency, Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI), which aims to challenge the Indian security forces and fulfill the dream of making Kashmir a part of Pakistan.
### 1. Support to terrorist organizations:
Pakistan has given political, financial and military support to several terrorist groups that carried out terrorist activities in Jammu and Kashmir. These include major organizations like **Lashkar-e-Taiba (LeT)**, **Jaish-e-Mohammed (JeM)**, **Hizbul Mujahideen (HM)** and other separatist and terrorist groups. These groups were provided training, weapons, and funding by Pakistan.
### 2. Supply of weapons and explosives:
Pakistan supplied modern weapons, explosives and other military equipment to terrorists. These terrorist groups used these weapons to attack Indian security forces and civilians in Kashmir.
### 3. Raising funds in the name of NGOs and charities:
Pakistan used several charities and non-governmental organizations (NGOs) to provide financial support to terrorists. Through these institutions, Pakistan collected funds for terrorists and promoted terrorist activities in Kashmir. These organizations provided weapons, training and other resources to terrorist groups.
### 4. Role of ISI:
Pakistan’s intelligence agency ISI motivated terrorists to infiltrate Kashmir, use explosives, and carry out attacks against Indian security forces. ISI was actively involved in training, guiding and providing financial help to terrorists. This agency has been responsible for smuggling and funding weapons for terrorists.
### 5. **Political support for terrorism in Kashmir**:
Pakistan raised the issue of Jammu and Kashmir on international forums and propagated it as a “struggle” or “freedom movement”. Pakistan gave political support to the terrorists and separatists of Kashmir and justified their activities. As a result, Pakistan promoted terrorists in Kashmir and tried to strengthen their position.
### 6. **Propagation of religious radicalism and terrorism in Kashmir**:
Pakistan also propagated religious radical ideologies so that more and more young Kashmiris could join terrorist organizations. For this, Pakistan tried to incite the people of Jammu and Kashmir through various religious and cultural organizations.
### 7. **Pakistan-sponsored infiltration**:
Pakistan also helped in infiltration of terrorists and armed groups in Kashmir. This infiltration was particularly prevalent in border areas like Poonch, Rajouri and Jammu from where terrorists launched attacks on Indian security forces and attempted to spread terror activities inside the state.
### 8. Economic assistance and external financial support:
Pakistan has also received external support, including some from Gulf countries, to foment terrorism in Kashmir. This money was used to conduct terror activities, train terrorists and provide them with military equipment.
Terrorist who killed 200 people in Jammu and Kashmir
The terrorist who killed 200 people in Jammu and Kashmir was **Abdul Rashid Khan**, a notorious terrorist of the **Hizbul Mujahideen** (HM) organization. He became active in the mid-1990s and was involved in several major attacks of terrorist violence in Jammu and Kashmir. He carried out several attacks against Indian security forces, civilians, and security agencies.
The major crimes involved in the activities of Abdul Rashid Khan included killing civilians, attacking security forces, and promoting terrorist activities. He was responsible for terrorist attacks against the Indian Army and played a role in spreading terror in various parts of Jammu and Kashmir.
According to several reports, he and his associates carried out **killing civilians in the Kashmir Valley**, encounters with Indian security forces, and various terrorist activities. However, this number and identity may be completely doubtful, as the identity of such terrorists and the full details of the crimes committed by them are often not officially clear.
However, if your question is about a specific incident or terrorist, please provide more details so that I can provide more accurate information.
Who is a Civilian & who is a terrorist?
“Civilian” and “terrorist” are two different terms that have different meanings, contexts, and roles in society and politics. The distinction between these terms is especially important in cases like conflict, war, and terrorism. Let us understand these two terms clearly:
### 1. **Civilian**:
– **Definition**: A citizen is a person who is a normal resident of a country and who is not directly involved in events like war, conflict, or terrorism.
– **Role**: The purpose of a citizen is to live a normal life in society. They are not part of any military conflict or terrorist activities.
– **Rights**: Citizens get protection of their rights under a democratic and legal system, such as the right to live, freedom of expression, and religious freedom. During war and conflict they are protected under ceasefire and other international human rights rules.
– **Example**: Any ordinary person who is not associated with a military or terrorist organization is considered a civilian.
### 2. **Terrorist**:
– **Definition**: A terrorist is a person who uses violence and fear, especially targeting innocent civilians, to achieve political or religious goals. Terrorism is a despicable strategy of spreading violence and terror to achieve a particular goal.
– **Role**: Terrorist organizations usually carry out violent actions to wage war against a government or society, which may include bombings, assassinations, kidnappings, and other types of subversive activities. Their purpose is to spread fear and unrest in society.
– **Rights**: Terrorists are considered illegal and criminals by a government, and they are usually punished under the law. Terrorists are denied legal and human rights due to their violent activities.
– **Example**: If a person is a member of a terrorist organization and attacks civilians, detonates a bomb, or kidnaps an innocent, he will be called a terrorist.
### Difference between civilian and terrorist:
1. **Goal**:
– The goal of a civilian is to live a peaceful and normal life.
– The goal of a terrorist is to achieve political or religious goals by spreading fear and unrest in society.
2. **Legal status**:
– Civilians receive protection under international law, such as the **Geneva Convention**. They should not be targeted in conflicts.
– Terrorists, who deliberately spread violence, are legally considered criminals. Many countries have special laws against terrorism.
3. **Social role**:
– Citizens contribute to the building of society and generally follow the laws.
– Terrorists create disruption in society and try to bring instability.
### Examples:
– **Civilian**: A school teacher, a doctor, a businessman, a farmer — all of them are citizens. These people perform normal functions in society and are not part of any violent activity.
– **Terrorist**: A person who is a member of a terrorist group, such as **Lashkar-e-Taiba**, **Jaish-e-Mohammed**, or **Hizbul Mujahideen**, who attacks innocent civilians, detonates bombs, or violates the rules of war is called a terrorist.
Cost of financing a terror attack in India
The cost of financing terrorist attacks in India depends on many components, and is highly complex and varied. Terrorists receive financial resources from various sources, such as state-support, illicit trafficking, international funding, and local criminal activities. It is difficult to accurately calculate the cost of financing terrorist attacks, as it is linked to a wide range of activities and sources.
However, we can understand the key aspects of financing terrorist attacks and the source of their cost in some key points:
### 1. Weapons and military equipment: Terrorist organizations use weapons, explosives, and other military equipment to carry out their attacks. Procurement of these materials requires money. The cost for weapons, explosives, and other equipment can be estimated, but this number varies depending on different types of attacks and terrorist groups.
– **Arms smuggling**: Weapons are smuggled into Kashmir or other regions from countries like Pakistan, which helps terrorists to carry out their activities.
– **Explosives**: The manufacture and supply of IEDs (Improvised Explosive Devices) and other explosive materials also come at a huge cost to terrorist groups.
### 2. **Recruitment and training**:
Terrorist organizations need money to recruit new members and train them. Terrorist groups run training camps in Kashmir, North-East India, and other sensitive areas. These include the cost of training material, equipment, food, and trainers.
– **Training camps**: Terrorists are sent to training camps across the border, or are trained locally, which requires money and resources.
– **Human resources**: Terrorist groups often also offer financial incentives to recruit young people locally, who join their organization.
### 3. **Preparation and execution of a terrorist attack**:
There are several steps before launching a terrorist attack, such as planning, dispatching attackers, breaching security, and other necessary activities. All these activities require resources and money.
– **Logistics and equipment**: Attacks require vehicles, communication equipment, explosives, and special technical equipment to evade security.
– **Post-attack activities**: After the attack, terrorist groups need money to hide their activities, escape to safe places, and avoid any legal action.
### 4. **State-sponsored terrorism**:
A major reason for terrorist attacks in India is state-sponsored terrorism by countries like Pakistan. Pakistan provides training, financial aid, and weapons to terrorist groups through the ISI. This state-support further increases the cost of terrorist attacks, as massive resources are invested in it.
– **Internal financial network**: International donations and shell companies are used to fund terrorists from countries like Pakistan. Many terrorist organizations receive funding in the name of “charity” and “charitable” organizations.
### 5. **Local and international sources**:
Terrorists receive various types of funding to run their networks and activities. This funding can come from many sources, such as:
– **International donations**: Some terrorist groups also receive funding from abroad, especially from countries where supporters of these groups live.
– **Local trade and smuggling**: Terrorist organizations also get funding from business and criminal activities at the local level, such as drug trafficking, illegal mining, and extortion.
### 6. **International network of terrorist organizations**:
Many terrorist organizations are part of international networks, which provide them with financial assistance, weapons, and training to run their activities. For example, terrorist organizations such as Al-Qaeda and IS raise funding and resources globally through their networks.
### 7. **Economic Losses** for Terrorism in India**:
The impact of terrorist attacks is not limited to the number of people killed or injured by the attack. Moreover, terrorist attacks also cause severe damage to the country’s economy, tourism, and social fabric.
– **Economic Losses**: Terrorist attacks affect business, industry, and tourism, causing major economic losses to the government.
– **Security Expenses**: Security and military expenditures increase after terrorist attacks, putting pressure on the national budget.
### Conclusion:
The financing costs of terrorist attacks in India span across multiple dimensions and include weapons, training, logistics, and many other sources apart from state-sponsored terrorism. Though it is difficult to quantify it accurately, it is an obvious fact that there is a huge financial cost of carrying out terrorist activities, which leads to enormous economic and social losses not only for terrorist organizations but also for governments, citizens and society at large.
How Pak sponsorship of terrorism started
Pakistan’s sponsorship of terrorism is a complex and historical process, which has evolved over several decades. Its beginning is particularly linked to the dispute over **Kashmir**, and Pakistan has adopted it as its strategic policy. The process of sponsoring terrorism by Pakistan has gone through many twists and turns from the beginning of the fight against the Indian Army in Kashmir in the 1980s to the present day. Let’s know how it started:
### 1. **Kashmir problem and Pakistan’s stance**:
The Kashmir issue has always been the center of dispute between India and Pakistan. Pakistan, while “officially” considering Kashmir as part of its state, called it a “disputed territory”. When conflict and tension increased in Kashmir since 1947-48, Pakistan resorted to various measures to challenge Indian control in the Muslim-majority areas of Kashmir.
#### Pakistan’s early intervention in the Kashmir dispute:
– **1947-48**: Pakistan invaded Kashmir when Maharaja Hari Singh of Kashmir decided to join India. A ceasefire was later agreed under UN pressure, but the Kashmir issue has been a source of conflict between the two countries ever since.
– **1971**: After Pakistan’s defeat in the Bangladesh War of Independence (1971), Pakistan adopted a more aggressive Kashmir policy, particularly promoting attacks against the Indian Army in Kashmir.
### 2. **Beginning of terrorism in the 1980s**:
Pakistan’s sponsorship of terrorism in Kashmir intensified in the 1980s when the conflict against the Soviet Union was going on in Afghanistan. Pakistan began training and funding the Mujahideen in Afghanistan with US assistance, which was a strategic advantage for Pakistan.
#### Terrorism in Kashmir started in 1989:
– A terrorist movement started in Kashmir in 1989, which was actively supported by Pakistan through organisations like Lashkar-e-Taiba (LeT) and Hizbul Mujahideen (HM). Pakistan provided training, financial aid, arms supply and military equipment to these organisations.
– Pakistan’s ISI (Inter-Services Intelligence) ran a covert operation to promote terrorist activities in Kashmir. The main objective of ISI was to spread rebellion against Indian security forces in Kashmir and make Kashmir a part of Pakistan.
### 3. Pakistan’s support of terrorism from 1989 to 1990s:
– Pakistan trained jihadi terrorists and promoted terrorist attacks in Kashmir. During this time, Pakistan supported Lashkar-e-Taiba, Jaish-e-Mohammed, and other groups.
– Pakistan’s support led to a sharp rise in the number of terrorist attacks in Kashmir, targeting civilians as well as Indian security forces.
– Pakistan promoted it as a “freedom struggle” while India viewed it as terrorism and foreign intervention.
### 4. Expansion of terrorism in the 2000s:
– Pakistan’s sponsorship of terrorism continued to grow until the late 1990s. Attacks such as the Kandahar hijackings (1999) and the Pathankot attacks (2016) were clear examples of Pakistan’s sponsorship of terrorism.
– Pakistan also resorted to terrorism in the 1999 Kargil War, in which Pakistani soldiers infiltrated the Kargil region of Kashmir and clashed with the Indian Army. Pakistan supported local terrorists and infiltrators in this war.
### 5. International network of terrorist organizations:
– Pakistan also started providing international support to the terrorists of Kashmir. The terrorist organizations expanded their network and carried out anti-India activities all over the world. These included organizations like Lashkar-e-Taiba and Jaish-e-Mohammed, which also carried out attacks in other parts of India.
– Pakistan’s intelligence agency ISI was involved in supplying weapons, explosives and other military materials to the terrorists, apart from training them.
### 6. Adoption of terrorism as a state policy:
– Pakistan adopted terrorism as its state policy, especially to undermine Indian rule in Kashmir. Pakistan provided safe havens and training camps for terrorists using its political, diplomatic and military powers.
– Pakistan presented terrorism as a “hybrid war”, inciting terrorists to infiltrate Indian territory without any overt military action.
### 7. **Support of terrorism by Pakistan in modern times**:
– Pakistan still faces allegations of sponsoring terrorism. Many countries, including the United Nations and India, have accused Pakistan of providing safe haven and support to **terrorist organizations**.
– Pakistan has continued to sponsor terrorism in Kashmir, although it has also taken some actions against **terrorist groups**, especially due to international pressure.
How ISI started using drugs for terrorism
**ISI (Inter-Services Intelligence), Pakistan’s intelligence agency, started using **drugs** to finance terrorism in the 1980s during the Afghan-Soviet War. At this time Pakistan supported the jihadist movement in Afghanistan along with the US and its allies against the Soviet Union. Later, this strategy was adopted by Pakistan for Kashmir and other terrorist activities as well. Let’s find out how ISI started using drugs and how terrorism was financed by it:
### 1. **Afghan-Soviet War (1979-1989)**:
In 1979, the Soviet Union intervened militarily in Afghanistan, after which the Afghan Mujahideen began to oppose their power. Pakistan provided training, arms and financial assistance to the Afghan Mujahideen with US support in this conflict. During the Soviet military action against the Afghan Mujahideen in areas like Khald-Zanjir and Herat in Afghanistan, Pakistan’s ISI trained and armed the terrorists.
During this time, Pakistan devised a plan to promote the smuggling of opium from poppy fields located near Pakistani territory in Afghanistan. Opium was produced in Pakistan’s border areas and money was obtained by selling it to terrorist groups. This method of gaining financial benefits through drug smuggling became part of ISI’s policy of financing terrorism.
### 2. Drug smuggling and terrorism connection:
After the Afghan war, terrorist groups formed in Pakistan, such as Lashkar-e-Taiba, Jaish-e-Mohammed, Hizbul Mujahideen and other jihadist organizations started receiving funding from drug smuggling and trade. ISI used drug smuggling as a major financial source for these terrorist organizations. Through this, Pakistan provided funds to these terrorist groups to promote terrorist activities against India in Kashmir and other areas.
– Opium and Heroin Smuggling: Pakistan, in collaboration with Afghanistan and other countries, smuggled opium and heroin. Opium was used to make heroin, and it was traded through Pakistan, Afghanistan, India, and Central Asia. The money obtained from this smuggling was used to purchase weapons, train and promote terrorist activities by terrorist groups.
### 3. Financial support from drugs:
The financial support provided by ISI to terrorist organizations through drug trade was in several ways:
– Weapons Funding: The money obtained from drug trade was used to purchase weapons and explosives for terrorist groups. Terrorist organizations used to smuggle and trade drugs to get financial help for their activities.
– **Establishment of training camps**: A part of the drug money was also used to train terrorists and set up safe havens.
– **Expansion of terrorist network**: ISI used drug smuggling to strengthen the terrorist network in Kashmir, make new recruits and give a wide support to the terrorist organization.
### 4. **Terrorism and Drugs in India**:
To promote terrorism in Kashmir, Pakistan funded terrorist groups through drugs. Pakistan involved local terrorist organizations in the drug trade to spread terrorism in the **Kashmir Valley**. Through this, these groups:
– **Increased terrorist activities**: Pakistan’s **ISI** provided money to terrorist groups for drugs, which led to incidents of terrorist attacks, suicide attacks, and IEDs (Improvised Explosive Devices) in Kashmir.
– Spread of concepts: Due to the association of drug trafficking and terrorism, terrorist groups from Pakistan and Kashmir escalated armed conflict across the region. This led to increased incidences of terrorism not only in Kashmir but also in other parts of India.
### 5. Export of drugs to Central Asia and Western countries:
The drug trade spread from the borders between Pakistan and Afghanistan to Western countries and Central Asia. Terrorist organizations fulfilled their objectives with the money obtained through smuggling of heroin and opium. Terrorist groups supported by ISI:
– Used the drug trade as a means of interference and aggression, which allowed them to obtain surrender and terrorize the local population.
– Pakistan used the drug trade as a form of foreign currency and made it an important means to support terrorist activities.
### 6. **Drug trade across the world**:
Pakistan established the drug trade as a **global network**, which was not limited to the border areas of Afghanistan and Pakistan, but it spread into an **international network**. This not only brought economic benefits to the ISI, but through this, Pakistani terrorist organizations continued to increase their activities in Kashmir and other conflicts.
Why ISI started using Hawala in 1990s
In the 1990s, Inter-Services Intelligence, Pakistan’s intelligence agency, started using the Hawala system to finance terrorism and fuel the conflict in Kashmir. Hawala is an illegal financial system used to exchange money around the world, especially in countries where banking and financial institutions are restricted or weak. Let’s understand in detail why and how the ISI used Hawala.
### 1. What is the Hawala system?
Hawala is a traditional financial system that carries out the process of transferring money without any banking system. In this, without any personal or institutional intervention, a person sends money from one place and it is received by the operator at another place. This entire process takes place under a trusted network, in which both parties trust each other.
### 2. Why did the use of hawala increase in the 1990s?
#### 1. Lack of control over the banking system:
– In the 1990s, with the Kashmir dispute between Pakistan and India and the growing incidence of terrorism, international financial transactions came under strict surveillance. Transactions of terrorists and their supporters in the banking systems of India and other countries came under strict surveillance.
– Due to international sanctions and strict banking scrutiny, the ISI needed a secure and confidential medium to provide financial assistance to terrorists. Hawala was a confidential and discreet method through which money could be transferred without any documents or bank transactions.
#### 2. **Promoting terrorism in Kashmir by India**:
– Terrorist activities increased in Kashmir in the 1990s, and **Pakistan** provided **financial support** to terrorist groups like **Lashkar-e-Taiba**, **Hizbul Mujahideen**, **Jaish-e-Mohammed**, etc. to promote terrorism in Kashmir. For this, Pakistan used the Hawala network.
– The ISI created a **secret route** to send funds to terrorist groups through Hawala, which kept this support hidden and made it difficult for the Indian government and the international community to track it.
#### 3. **International network and financial support**:
– Pakistan developed Hawala as an **international network**, which it used to send funds to terrorist organizations based in **Kashmir**, **Afghanistan**, and **other countries**. – Hawala networks were active between **Pakistan, Afghanistan, Gulf countries (such as the United Arab Emirates),** and others. Pakistani supporters would send money through hawala operators based in places such as **Goldman Sachs,** London,** and **Dubai.
#### 4. **Clandestine and Secure Money Transfer**:
– Hawala provided a cheap and efficient way of **secure money transfer** to **terrorist organisations** and other criminal groups from Pakistan. There was no banking or financial record keeping, making it difficult to trace any transaction.
– Pakistan’s ISI and terrorist organisations could carry out **hand to hand funding** through hawala in a way that remained completely **confidential**.
#### 5. **Parallel Economy**:
– The hawala system fostered a **parallel economy** in Pakistan and India. The system not only funded terrorism but also provided a medium for Pakistani traders and local networks to operate outside state surveillance.
– Through the Hawala system, Pakistan facilitated **illicit money flow**, which not only supplied arms, explosives, and training to terrorist groups, but also provided a stable financial base for promoting terrorism in Kashmir.
#### 6. **Strategic objectives for promoting terrorism in India**:
– ISI used Hawala to raise funds for **terrorist attacks in India**. Hawala was used to train Pakistan’s terrorist organizations, supply arms, and promote activities against India in Kashmir.
– Pakistan provided financial support to these organizations through Hawala to train **Jihadi organizations in Kashmir** and carry out terrorist attacks.
### 3. **Characteristics of Hawala Network**:
– **Confidentiality and Trust**: Under the Hawala system, there is no written record of transactions. It is completely based on trust and person-to-person relationships.
– **Discreet money transfer**: Hawala was used to transfer money to terrorist organizations in Pakistan, Gulf countries, Afghanistan, and various parts of India, and it was completely confidential.
– **Extremely efficient and cheap**: An important feature of the hawala network was that it was much cheaper and quicker than the traditional banking mechanism. It was a highly convenient way for Pakistan to send money across the border.
### 4. **Contribution of Hawala to Pakistan’s strategy against India**:
– In the 1990s, Pakistan used hawala to train terrorists, carry out terrorist attacks, and spread insurgency against India in Kashmir.
– The money received through hawala provided the financial resources required by **Lashkar-e-Taiba**, **Jaish-e-Mohammed**, and other terrorist organizations to carry out **terror attacks** in Kashmir and other parts of India.
How Pak used LoC trade to fund terrorism
Pakistan used Line of Control (LoC) trade as a **clandestine and illegal** way to **fund terrorism**, providing money, arms, and other resources to terrorist groups. **LoC trade** was trade across the Line of Control (LoC) between India and Pakistan in Jammu and Kashmir that began in 2008. This trade was specifically in the form of **inter-regional exchange of textiles, food items, and other products**. But over time, Pakistan developed a **clandestine strategy** to raise financial resources for terrorists through this trade. Let us know how Pakistan used **LoC trade** to fund terrorism:
### 1. **Objective and origin of LoC trade**:
Started in 2008, the aim of **LoC trade** was to establish economic relations between the local people on both sides of the Line of Control of India and Pakistan**. This trade was introduced as a way to build trust between the two countries, boost the local economy, and normalize relations between the two countries.
Some of the items traded included:
– **Food items**
– **Clothes and blankets**
– **Industrial goods and raw materials**
### 2. **How Pakistan misused LoC trade**:
Although the purpose of LoC trade was peaceful, Pakistan started using it as a **secret route** to **fund terrorism** and provide help to **terrorist groups**. Pakistan started exchanging arms, money, and other material in exchange for textiles and other goods under trade.
#### 1. Hawala network and financial support to terrorists:
– Pakistan used the Hawala system to send money under LoC trade. Through this network, Pakistan could easily send money to terrorist organizations, because no official record of transactions was made through Hawala.
– Pakistan used the LoC trade route to send funds and material to members of terrorist organizations in Kashmir. This was a way through which Pakistan could easily raise funds to promote terrorist activities.
#### 2. Smuggling of counterfeit goods and weapons:
– Pakistan promoted smuggling of counterfeit goods and weapons by misusing LoC trade. Pakistan used this trade as a cover to supply **weapons**, **military supplies**, and **explosive materials** to terrorist groups. In this way, Pakistan sent military supplies to promote terrorist activities in Kashmir and other parts of India.
– **Fake transactions** were made in the trade of goods under the LoC, such as goods sent to terrorist groups were disguised as genuine traded textiles or food items.
#### 3. **Financing of terrorist activities**:
– Pakistan used **LoC trade** to raise funds for **terrorist organisations** through local traders and other intermediaries. **Fake transactions** were made through traders, in which **help** was provided to terrorist organisations in place of genuine textiles and other goods.
– Money was sent under LoC trade to provide **financial help** to terrorist organisations in the **Kashmir Valley**. Terrorist organisations used these funds to carry out **terror attacks**, **attacks on security forces in Kashmir**, and **local terrorism**.
#### 4. **Clandestine smuggling and exchange of aid**:
– Pakistan promoted **smuggling** through trade, which included not only trade of textiles and food items but Pakistan’s intelligence agency **ISI** used it to help terrorists **reach safe havens**, **arm the organisations**, and **plan attacks**.
– Terrorist organisations like **Lashkar-e-Taiba**, **Jaish-e-Mohammed** were provided **money** and **resources** from across the border so that they could carry out terrorist attacks in Kashmir.
### 3. How India opposed it:
– After 2019, the Indian government suspended the LoC trade after it became clear that Pakistan was using it to fund terrorism and carry out terrorist activities in India. India alleged that Pakistan was misusing the trade routes to support terrorists in Kashmir and other parts of India.
– Indian security forces launched an investigation into the smuggling and hawala money laundering activities in the LoC trade and shut down the trade.
### 4. Pakistan’s strategic advantage:
Pakistan used the LoC trade to fuel its terror strategy. The trade provided Pakistan a means to secretly funnel money and material to terrorists. Pakistan’s aim was to strengthen its terrorist organisations and continue its struggle against India. LoC trade provided Pakistan with a safe route to pursue its terrorist agendas against India without attracting international attention.
### 1. Objective and Origin of LoC Trade:
Started in 2008, LoC trade was aimed at establishing economic links between locals on both sides of the Line of Control between India and Pakistan. The trade was touted as a way to build trust between the two countries, boost the local economy, and normalise relations between the two countries.
Some of the major goods traded included:
– **Food items**
– **Clothes and blankets**
– **Industrial goods and raw materials**
### 2. **How Pakistan misused LoC trade**:
Although the purpose of LoC trade was peaceful, Pakistan started using it as a **clandestine route** to **fund terrorism** and provide aid to **terrorist groups**. Pakistan started exchanging **arms, money, and other material** in exchange for **textiles and other goods under the trade.
#### 1. **Hawala network and financial support to terrorists**:
– Pakistan used the **Hawala** system to send money under **LoC trade**. Through this network, Pakistan could easily send money to **terrorist organizations**, as there was no official record of transactions through Hawala.
– Pakistan used the LoC trade route to send **funds** and **material** to members of terrorist organisations in Kashmir. This was one way through which Pakistan could easily raise funds to **promote terrorist activities**.
#### 2. Smuggling of counterfeit goods and arms:
– Pakistan misused the LoC trade to promote smuggling of counterfeit goods and arms. Pakistan used this trade as a cover to supply arms, military supplies, and explosive materials to terrorist groups. In this way, Pakistan sent military supplies to promote terrorist activities in Kashmir and other parts of India.
– False transactions were made in the trade of goods under the LoC, such as goods sent to terrorist groups were disguised as genuine trade clothes or food items.
#### 3. Financing of terrorist activities:
– Pakistan used the LoC trade to raise funds for terrorist organizations through local traders and other intermediaries. **Fake transactions** were carried out through traders, in which** aid to terrorist organisations** was provided in place of real textiles and other goods.
– Money was sent under LoC trade to provide** financial aid** to terrorist organisations in the **Kashmir Valley**. The terrorist organisations used these funds to fund **terror attacks**, **attacks on security forces in Kashmir**, and spread **local terrorism**.
#### 4. **Clandestine smuggling and exchange of aid**:
– Pakistan promoted **smuggling** through trade, which not only involved trade of textiles and food items, but Pakistan’s intelligence agency **ISI** used it to help terrorists **reach safe havens**, **arm** organisations**, and **plan attacks**.
– Funds and resources were provided to terrorist organisations like Lashkar-e-Taiba, Jaish-e-Mohammed from across the border to carry out terror attacks in Kashmir.
### 3. How India opposed it:
– After 2019, the Indian government suspended LoC trade when it became clear that Pakistan was using it to fund terrorism and increase terrorist activities in India. India alleged that Pakistan was misusing trade routes to support terrorists in Kashmir and other parts of India.
– Indian security forces launched investigations into smuggling and hawala money laundering activities in LoC trade and shut down the trade.
### 4. **Pakistan’s Strategic Advantage**:
Pakistan used **LoC trade** to promote its **terror strategy**. This trade provided Pakistan a means to **secretly** deliver **money and material** to the terrorists. Pakistan’s aim was to strengthen **terrorist organizations** and continue the struggle against **India**. **LoC trade provided **Pakistan a safe route** through which it could implement its terrorist agendas against India without attracting international attention.
### Conclusion:
Pakistan misused **LoC trade** to provide **money and resources** to the terrorists. This trade became a **secret route** for Pakistan to promote terrorism, strengthen terrorist organizations, and spread unrest in Kashmir. India, realizing the danger of this trade, suspended it to weaken Pakistan’s terrorist network and funding channels.
How ISI used MBBS seats to fund terrorism
Pakistan’s intelligence agency ISI used the misuse of higher education seats like MBBS as a strategy to fund terrorism. It was a shocking but proactive strategy in which Pakistan used fake MBBS seats to provide military training to terrorists and their supporters in India, promote terrorist networks and fund terrorist activities.
### 1. Misuse of MBBS seats – Pakistan’s way:
Pakistan adopted a duplicitous method to send terrorists to MBBS seats in the name of getting medical education in India. Under this strategy, Pakistan sent some terrorists and their supporters to India so that they could get enrolled there in the name of getting medical education and later they could be prepared to carry out terrorist activities in India.
#### 1. Fake doctor seats and fake applications:
Pakistan used to send terrorists and their supporters to apply for MBBS seats by posing as fake medical students. They were admitted to medical colleges so that these students could reach India in the name of education. However, the purpose of these students was not to get medical education but their real purpose was to promote terrorist activities.
#### 2. Training and networking opportunities for terrorists:
After getting admission in MBBS, these students stayed in India and worked to spread the terrorist network by mingling with the security forces and communities there. These students were originally trained from Pakistan and were admitted to medical colleges to hide their real identity and purpose.
These students were sometimes sent for military training or work related to terrorist groups. While studying in medical colleges, they could plan to carry out terrorist attacks in different parts of India and join the local terrorist network there.
#### 3. Support terrorist activities:
Pakistan’s aim behind this misuse of MBBS was to promote terrorist attacks and religious dissension in India. Under the pretext of getting medical education, these terrorists got a chance to safely set up their net in India and join terrorist activities by joining organizations. After this, they could plan terrorist attacks to create instability in India.
### 2. Expansion of ISI’s strategy:
Pakistan adopted many methods to promote terrorism. Among these, the formation of terrorist groups, smuggling of weapons, and the use of hawala network were prominent. ISI realized that if it sent terrorists to India **disguised as medical students**, it would be more difficult to identify and track them. Under the pretext of medical education, these students could **roam** around India, mingle with locals, and engage in **clandestine operations** to carry out **terrorist activities** in the future.
### 3. **Medical students’ connection to terrorism**:
Some medical students were trained for **terror attacks**, which made them ready to carry out **serious attacks**. For example:
– **Recruitment of terrorists in Kashmir**: Pakistan sent many students who were trained to engage in terrorist activities in Kashmir. These students were studying medicine in India, but their real aim was to spread terrorism in Kashmir.
– **Raising funds for terrorists in other parts of India**: Pakistan also used these students to send funds to terrorist organizations in India through **hawala network**.
### 4. **Fake education policy** of ISI:
ISI adopted a new way by misusing medical seats, which can be called **Fake education policy**. Under this policy:
– Many Pakistan-sponsored terrorist organizations were given admission in India in the name of medical education.
– These students were given **fake background** and documents, so that their motive remained hidden.
– All this was controlled by **Pakistan’s intelligence agency** so that these students could promote terrorism in different parts of India.
### 5. **Indian government’s response**:
India understood the seriousness of the matter and started even stricter monitoring of the recruitment of medical seats and admission of **foreign students** in India. The Indian government took several steps to prevent the admission of fake students into medical colleges, including tightening the interview process, document verification and restructuring the admission procedures for foreign students.
Kashmiri handicrafts & financing terrorism
**Kashmiri handicrafts and financing terrorism** is a complex and serious issue, in which Kashmiri embroidery, carpets, shawls, and other handicraft products, famous as the cultural heritage of Kashmir, were used in illegal ways to raise funds for terrorism. Pakistan and some terrorist organizations misused the Kashmiri handicraft industry and through it arranged funds to promote terrorism in Kashmir. In this process, local Kashmiri artisans and traders suffered unnecessarily, while the terrorists received the necessary financial support.
### 1. **Importance of Kashmiri Handicrafts**:
The handicraft art of Kashmir, especially the textile art like **Kashmiri shawl**, **embroidery (phool kari)**, **Kashmiri carpet**, and **Kashmiri paper-mache**, are famous all over the world. These traditional crafts have been a part of the cultural identity of Kashmir for centuries and are also an important part of Kashmir’s economy. The business of Kashmiri handicrafts is huge in India and abroad, especially in Europe, the US, and the Gulf countries.
### 2. How was terrorism financed?
Pakistan and some terrorist organisations misused the Kashmiri handicraft industry to finance terrorism in Kashmir. Following are some important points about how this process worked:
#### 1. Hawala network operated through Kashmiri handicrafts:
– Pakistan used the trade of Kashmiri handicrafts to send funds to terrorist organisations through the hawala network. This network was used to supply funds and weapons to terrorist organisations in Kashmir.
– Illegal financial transactions were carried out under the import and export of handicrafts in Kashmir. For example, Pakistan misused the export of Kashmiri shawls and carpets to send funds to terrorists through hawala.
#### 2. Exploitation of Kashmiri artisans:
– Terrorist organisations and their supporting groups attempted to employ Kashmiri artisans and raise money from the trade of Kashmiri handicrafts to promote terrorist activities in the name of their products.
– Kashmiri artisans were forcibly pressured to work for terrorist activities, or some artisans were given work under fake transactions so that terrorist organisations could raise funds required for their activities.
#### 3. Funding of terrorist groups:
– Pakistan established illegal trade channels through the Kashmiri handicraft industry, which helped in supplying funds, resources, and weapons to terrorist organizations operating in Kashmir.
– This method of sending illegal funds and materials in exchange for Kashmiri handicrafts to terrorist groups in Kashmir was confidential and difficult for the local administration to detect.
#### 4. Use of handicraft products as smuggling:
– Pakistan-backed terrorist groups adopted smuggling of Kashmiri handicraft products as a major source, which included shawls, carpets, embroidered clothes, etc. from Kashmir. These products along with money and resources were sent to Pakistan, and this process was usually done secretly.
#### 5. **Kashmiri traders and artisans were linked to terrorism**:
– Many traders and artisans were pressured to **establish links** with terrorist groups. In some cases, they were used for **stealing money** and **illicit trade**, while some artisans and traders were forced to mobilize **financial support** for terrorists.
### 3. **Pakistan’s policy and financing of terrorism in Kashmir**:
Pakistan used the Kashmiri handicraft industry as an **illicit financial channel** to promote **terrorism in Kashmir**. Pakistan’s intelligence agency **ISI** used such trade routes to provide financial support to terrorists to increase violence in Kashmir. Pakistan used the following measures to promote terrorism in Kashmir:
1. **Money transfer through handicraft industry**: Pakistan used it to send **illicit money** and resources under the Kashmiri handicraft trade.
2. Creation of fake trade networks in support of terrorist groups: Pakistan supplied funds to terrorists by entering into secret deals with Kashmiri traders.
3. Smuggling of arms for terrorist activities: Weapons and explosives were smuggled through the trade of Kashmiri handicrafts, providing terrorist organisations with ample resources to spread militancy in Kashmir.
### 4. Response of Indian Government:
The Indian government started keeping a strict vigil on the Kashmiri handicraft industry to stop these illegal activities. Security agencies investigated illegal smuggling, hawala networks, and trade transactions linked to terrorism in this industry. Apart from this, India also took measures to protect Kashmiri artisans and traders from terrorists and provide them security. The government sought safe and legitimate avenues for the development of the Kashmiri handicraft industry to prevent terrorists from misusing it.
Saudi money, fancy mosques & extremism
**Saudi money, fancy mosques & extremism** is a sensitive and complex topic, with deep debates in terms of global politics, religion and security over allegations that Saudi Arabia finances **Islamic religious movements**, builds **grand mosques** and spreads **extremism**. Saudi Arabia has for several decades used its massive **oil-based wealth** to promote Islamic ideology and spread **Wahhabi Islam**, which some critics associate with **extremism** and **radicalism**. In this entire context, the construction of **grand mosques** and religious institutions is seen as a **cultural and political strategy**.
### 1. **Saudi Arabia and Wahhabi Islam**: **Wahhabi Islam**, prevalent in Saudi Arabia, is a rigid and strict Islamic ideology, which was founded in the 18th century by **Muhammad ibn Abdul Wahhab**. This ideology promotes the purity of Islam and has been adopted as the official religion of the Saudi regime. The key elements of Wahhabi Islam are opposition to all forms of cultural and religious innovation (called “bid’a”) and the limitation of all forms of worship to direct worship of Allah. Its principles include severe restrictions on women’s rights, religious strictness, and intolerance towards other religions.
### 2. Saudi Wealth and Religious Activities:
Saudi Arabia has spent a large portion of its oil earnings on religious activities, the construction of mosques, Islamic educational institutions, and religious preaching. The Saudi government built mosques in all continents, especially many large mosques and religious institutions to promote the religious pilgrimage (Hajj) to Mecca and Medina. Also, Saudi Arabia provided financial help to spread Wahhabi Islam and its ideology around the world.
#### 1. Grand Mosques and their Construction: – Grand mosques built by Saudi Arabia such as the Grand Mosque of Mecca (Al-Masjid al-Haram) and the Masjid an-Nabawi of Medina are the most important religious sites in the Islamic world. Saudi Arabia has spent huge amounts of money to build and expand these mosques. But at the same time, Wahhabi mosques and madrasas were also built in other countries through Saudi money, which aimed to spread Islamic ideology. – Saudi money helped spread Islamic fundamentalist ideology, as these mosques and madrassas were supported by Saudi Arabia, which propagated Wahhabi ideology.
#### 2. Religious schools and madrassas:
– Saudi Arabia provided financial aid to religious schools (madrassas) around the world to propagate Wahhabi Islam. Wahhabi madrassas run by Saudi Arabia in Pakistan, Afghanistan, Indonesia, Malaysia, and African countries promoted fundamentalist ideology. In these madrassas, children were taught that war against Muslims was a religious duty, and intolerance towards infidels (unbelievers) was promoted.
– The religious books taught in these madrassas preached jihad, strict adherence to sharia, and opposition to all religious innovations. This led to the development of **radical** ideology in the minds of these children, which later led to extremist activities.
### 3. Promoting extremism:
The Wahabi Islam spread by Saudi Arabia led to the rise of radical movements and extremist groups in many countries. These groups started their activities based on the money, training, and religious support received from Saudi Arabia. This happened in some major ways:
#### 1. Rise of Al-Qaeda and Taliban:
– Saudi Arabia provided huge amounts of money to promote jihad against the Soviet Union in Afghanistan in the 1980s. This is considered to be the reason for the rise of terrorist organizations like Al-Qaeda, which worked in support of the Taliban regime in Afghanistan through Pakistan.
– The money, training, and religious support received by groups like Al-Qaeda and later ISIS from Saudi Arabia helped them carry out extremist activities globally.
#### 2. Wahhabi ideology and radicalism:
– Saudi Arabia used its religious donation system (Zakat) to fund Wahhabi mosques, madrassas and Islamic institutions around the world. This motivated radical groups to carry out terrorist attacks, which they carried out in the name of jihad.
– Wahhabi madrassas spread around the world trained young men who were later sent to join jihadist groups.
#### 3. Game of money and strategy:
– Saudi Arabia used money to spread radical ideology and in the process promoted religious extremism in many Muslim countries. This form of Islamic religious education led to political instability and terrorist groups in those countries.
### 4. Current policy and changes in Saudi Arabia:
However, in the last few years Saudi Arabia has made some changes in its religious policy. Under Modi’s rule Saudi Arabia has tried to reduce its Wahhabi ideology to project a modern and progressive image. Mohammed bin Salman (MBS) has proposed several reforms under “Vision 2030” which seeks to end religious extremism. However, these changes are gradual and it will take time to completely end the financing of extremism.
How fake Indian currency notes funded terrorism
Fake Indian currency notes (FICN) have been used as a major strategy by Pakistan and its supporting terrorist groups to fund terrorism. Pakistan’s intelligence agency ISI and various terrorist organizations planned to mass produce and smuggle fake currency to promote terrorist activities in India. In this process, fake Indian currency notes were used to finance terrorism so that terrorist organizations could raise funds for arms, explosives, training and organizational expenses.
### 1. Production and smuggling of fake currency notes:
Pakistan’s intelligence agency ISI set up special networks for the production and smuggling of fake Indian currency notes in India. The purpose of these fake notes was to raise funds for terrorist activities inside India. Pakistan used Bangladesh, Nepal and other countries in South East Asia to smuggle this fake currency.
#### 1.1. Production of fake notes:
– Special printing presses were set up in Pakistan where Rs 500 and Rs 1000 notes were printed on a large scale. The printing of these notes was so skillful that there was little difference from the real Indian currency.
– Terrorist organisations of Pakistan and ISI smuggled these fake notes to India and other countries. The purpose of the fake notes network was to financially support terrorist organisations and terrorist activities within India.
#### 1.2. Smuggling and circulation:
– Fake notes were smuggled to India, Nepal, Bangladesh and countries in the Middle East. These notes were used by terrorist organisations for **buying arms**, procuring explosive materials**, terrorist training**.
– In India, fake notes were smuggled into sensitive areas like **Kashmir Valley**, **Punjab**, and **North-Eastern States** so that terrorist organisations could carry out **militant activities** in these areas.
### 2. **Funding terrorism through fake notes**:
#### 2.1. **Financial support to terrorist groups**:
Fake notes were used by terrorist organisations to **fund terrorism** in conjunction with **hawala** and **black money**. In this process, counterfeit notes were mainly used to support terrorist activities:
– **Purchase of arms**: Fake Indian currency notes were used by terrorist organisations to **purchase** arms, ammunition** and other **explosives** to carry out their heinous acts.
– **Planning of terror attacks**: The money obtained from these fake currency notes was used to procure **logistical** for **terror attacks** such as **terrorist training**, **security equipment** and **explosive materials**.
– **Smuggling and transactions**: Terrorist organisations used to **transfer funds** to different parts of the world through **hawala channels** using fake currency notes, thereby financing terrorism.
#### 2.2. Creation of Terrorist Network in India:
The counterfeit currency network developed several methods to **financially support** terrorist groups in India:
– **Jihadi organisations** used **fake Indian currency** to promote terrorism in India. These organisations were linked to **Pakistan based terrorist networks** which carried out **militant activities** in India.
– Fake currency was also used to deceive **police and security forces** so that they could not **identify the fake currency** and terrorists could easily accomplish their targets.
### 3. Response of Government of India and Security Agencies:
The Government of India and various security agencies took several measures to deal with the menace of fake Indian currency. Some of the important measures are:
#### 3.1. **Combating counterfeit currency**:
– The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) and the Government of India have taken steps against counterfeit currency, such as **secure currency design** and the use of **new technologies** to detect counterfeit notes.
– The printing and security features of bank notes were enhanced to make it easier to detect counterfeit notes.
– As part of **Crackdown against terrorist networks**, the Indian government carried out several operations against **counterfeit note smugglers** and **terrorist networks** and arrested individuals involved in smuggling.
#### 3.2. Crackdown on ISI and terrorist organisations:
– India mounted international pressure against Pakistan and its **intelligence agency ISI** to hold Pakistan accountable for the production and smuggling of fake Indian notes.
– Indian agencies like NIA and CBI took proactive steps against the terror network and made several arrests against counterfeit currency smugglers.
#### 3.3. Public Awareness:
– Indian government organized training programmes and awareness campaigns to make the general public aware about how to identify fake currency.
– Banks and financial institutions increased the use of advanced equipment to identify fake currency.
### 4. Impact of Fake Currency and Terrorism:
Production and smuggling of fake Indian currency had become a dangerous strategy that was funding terrorist groups. This resulted in increased terror attacks in India and threat to security forces. The fake currency market and hawala channel had become a major source of funding for terrorism, providing the terrorists with the necessary resources.
### Conclusion:
The use of fake Indian currency notes was a serious issue for funding terrorism, with Pakistan and its terror network using this illegal means to finance terrorist attacks within India. The Indian government and security agencies have taken concrete steps to combat this threat, but the nexus between fake currency and terrorism still remains a significant security challenge.
Role of Pak diplomats in funding terrorism in India
**Role of Pak diplomats in funding terrorism in India** is a serious and complex issue, in which Pakistan diplomats and other government agencies have been involved in providing financial aid and support to terrorists in India to promote terrorist activities. Pakistan’s intelligence agency **ISI** and other government organizations, such as **Pakistan Army** and **Pakistan Government** have used diplomatic channels many times to promote terrorism in India. The involvement of Pakistan diplomats in such acts has increased tensions in India-Pakistan relations and further complicated the fight against terrorism.
### 1. **Promoting terrorism**:
The role of Pakistan diplomats is usually under the guidelines of the Pakistan government and **ISI**. It has been alleged many times by Indian officials that Pakistani diplomats connive with terrorist groups and provide them **financial aid** and **necessary resources**. High officials and diplomats of Pakistan have carried out such activities as working in connivance with terrorist groups.
#### 1.1. Use of diplomatic channel for terror funding:
Pakistani diplomats used their diplomatic passports to send funds for Indian terrorist activities through hawala network, fake Indian currency notes and other illegal means. Through diplomatic channels, Pakistani diplomats were able to easily provide financial help and other support to terrorist organizations in India. These methods were adopted by the Government of Pakistan and intelligence agency ISI for the purpose of promoting terrorism.
#### 1.2. Money smuggling:
Pakistani diplomats often used the methods of counterfeit currency and money smuggling to provide financial support to terrorists in India. For example, fake Indian currency notes manufactured in Pakistan were used to transfer money to terrorist groups. Through this, diplomats sent money for terrorist activities on the Indian border.
#### 1.3. **Diplomats’ connection with terrorist networks**:
Pakistani diplomats have been reported to have **contacts** with **terrorist organizations** several times. These diplomats mobilized help for various terrorist organizations like **Lashkar-e-Taiba (LeT)**, **Jaish-e-Mohammed (JeM)** and **Hizbul Mujahideen (HM)**, which were carrying out militant activities in India. Pakistani diplomats helped these organizations in providing **military material**, **terrorist training**, and **financial assistance**.
### 2. **Instances of Pakistani diplomats’ involvement**:
Several examples of Pakistani diplomats’ involvement have come to light, which makes it clear how Pakistan used diplomatic channels to promote terrorism.
#### 2.1. Nawaz Sharif Government and Terrorism:
Pakistani diplomats have been repeatedly accused of promoting terrorism during Nawaz Sharif’s government. For example, the Pakistan High Commissioner and other diplomats were found to be working in connivance with Pakistan’s ISI and terrorist organisations to finance terrorist attacks in India.
#### 2.2. Indian allegations against Pakistani diplomats after 2016 Uri attack:
After India’s Uri attack (2016), Indian security agencies claimed that Pakistani diplomats and members of the ISI were sending financial aid and military equipment to terrorists through the hawala network. Indian investigative agencies pointed out that funds and other resources were sent from Pakistan to India to carry out terrorist attacks with the help of Pakistani diplomats.
#### 2.3. **Arrest of Pakistani Diplomats**:
Indian security forces have arrested Pakistani diplomats several times suspecting them of **terrorist activities**. A prominent example occurred in 2018 when India arrested a diplomat of the Pakistani High Commission because he was involved in smuggling funds for **terrorist groups**. Such incidents exposed the truth of the involvement of Pakistani diplomats.
### 3. **Indian Government’s Response**:
The Indian government has taken several steps regarding the involvement of Pakistani diplomats in funding terrorism. These include **review of diplomatic relations** and **diplomatic protests**. India has tried to **recall diplomats from Pakistan**, **summon the Pakistani High Commissioner**, and **hold Pakistani diplomatic establishments accountable for cases of involvement in India**.
#### 3.1. **Monitoring diplomatic channels**:
India has started keeping **strict monitoring** on Pakistan’s diplomatic channels to prevent their use for terrorist activities. India has repeatedly warned Pakistan that if Pakistani diplomats maintain **connections with terrorist groups**, it will have serious consequences.
#### 3.2. **Arrest and condemnation of diplomats**:
India exposed the **involvement** of Pakistani diplomats in promoting terrorism and tried to corner Pakistan at international forums. India also urged the United Nations and other global bodies to **hold Pakistan responsible for financing terrorism**.
How Pakistan discovered terrorism in Jammu and Kashmir through interviews
Pakistan’s support or involvement in terrorism in Jammu and Kashmir has been reported many times through various reports, interviews, and findings of international organizations. The Government of India and international intelligence agencies have also gathered evidence of Pakistani activities in the region. Many terrorists have also admitted in their interviews after being caught that they have received assistance from the Pakistani Army or the intelligence agency ISI.
The suspicion of Pakistani involvement is often strengthened due to the statements of captured terrorists, information about their weapons and training centers, and incidents of infiltration on the border. In these interviews, the terrorists themselves admit that they have been trained in Pakistan and have also received weapons from Pakistan. Apart from this, analysis and reports of the United Nations and other global organizations also highlight the fact that Pakistan has been providing support to spread instability in Jammu and Kashmir.
Sinister role of Kashmiri media, banks, politicians
In the context of challenges related to terrorism and extremism in Jammu and Kashmir, questions have often been raised about the role of media, banking system, and local political mechanism. Here is detailed information:
1. Role of Kashmiri media:
Misuse of information: Some local media platforms in Kashmir have been accused of glorifying terrorist incidents and reporting them, which can increase sympathy for extremist activities.
Propaganda and inflammatory content: Some media outlets are also accused of promoting messages promoting radicalism and extremism, which can spread misconceptions among the local public.
Influenced reporting: Amid the tense situation in Kashmir, the media is often accused of working under a particular political agenda, which prevents fair reporting of events.
2. Role of banks:
Financial support to terrorism: Many times secret transactions and suspicious activities are revealed in local banks, which are used to provide financial assistance to terrorist groups. The hawala system in Kashmir has helped finance terrorism.
Use of suspicious accounts: Terrorist and separatist groups have sometimes opened bank accounts with fake identities and used illegally obtained funds, thereby maintaining instability in the region.
3. Role of local politicians:
Vote bank politics: Some local politicians have been accused of supporting militant groups and separatist factions for their political gains, thereby radicalising their supporters.
Corruption and links with terrorist organisations: There have been many cases in which politicians have been accused of having secret links with terrorists and supporting their agenda.
Biased policies: It has been observed that some local leaders oppose the policies of the central government for their political gains and promote separatism in Kashmir.
However, it is also important to say that many politicians, media personnel, and people from the banking sector in Kashmir are also working against terrorism and extremism. To resolve these issues, it is necessary for the Government of India and other relevant agencies to monitor these institutions, prevent illegal activities, and work towards a lasting and peaceful solution.
Sinister role of Kashmiri bureaucrats & academia
The role of some bureaucrats and academics in issues related to terrorism and extremism in Jammu and Kashmir has also been questioned many times. Some such elements are accused of misusing their positions, which may work to promote extremism directly or indirectly. Here is detailed information in this context:
1. Role of Kashmiri bureaucrats:
Softness towards terrorism: Some bureaucrats are accused of trying to avoid taking strict action against terrorism. They have been avoiding action against them due to sympathizing with terrorist groups in some form or the other.
Illegal money and corruption: Some bureaucrats have been accused of misusing government funds and indirectly providing financial help to terrorism. Through corruption and suspicious transactions, these officials may play a role in promoting terrorist activities.
Misuse of administrative policies: There are some people in the bureaucracy who take decisions in the administrative process that show sympathy towards militant elements or neutralise the government’s plans in the region.
2. Role of Kashmiri academics:
Threat of radicalising students: Some academics are accused of inspiring students towards radical ideology in educational institutions. The ideas spread by them can often be anti-government and separatist, which can create discontent in young minds.
Bias in the education system: Some academics in Kashmir are accused of including elements in their curriculum that show sympathy towards terrorism and separatism, which can lead students to develop softness towards these ideologies.
Association with separatist organisations: Some academics have misused their position and maintained contacts with organisations that are involved in anti-India activities in Kashmir. They have the power to influence students, due to which they can also lead students towards radicalism.
3. Impact and consequences:
Increase in instability: Such conduct of bureaucrats and academics can help in increasing instability in Jammu and Kashmir. This not only affects development in the region but also creates a feeling of opposition towards the government and the nation among the youth.
Misuse of education system: The aim of education should be positive and constructive, but the aim of education can be distorted by the activities of some academics, which work to incite terrorism and separatism.
Obstruction in administrative process: Such bureaucrats also create obstructions in the administrative system, which makes it difficult to reach the benefits of development work to the public.
It is very important to resolve these issues to promote peace and stability in Kashmir. Identifying such elements, taking action against them, and making the education and administrative system transparent and committed to the nation can be an effective solution.
Biggest mistakes of Delhi in J&K
In view of the problems that have been going on for decades in Jammu and Kashmir, many such steps were taken by Delhi, which were later considered mistakes. These mistakes affected the efforts for lasting peace and development in the region. Here are some of the biggest mistakes of Delhi in Jammu and Kashmir:
1. Giving special status (Article 370 and 35A)
Giving privileges: Even after joining India in 1947, Jammu and Kashmir was kept out of the purview of the Indian Constitution to some extent by giving it special status. Under Article 370 and 35A, this state became entitled to different types of laws and privileges.
Promoting separatism: These special provisions gave an opportunity to consider Kashmir as separate from India, which increased separatism and discontent. Many people felt that Kashmir has not been included in India, but it is only a temporary part.
Obstacles in development: Due to special status, there were problems in implementing economic and social reforms in Kashmir like other states, which hindered development.
2. Ignoring political instability
Blind trust in local leadership: The central government always trusted some special families and leaders in Kashmir and ruled through their party for a long time, due to which a political dynasty flourished in the region. These local leaders were interested in their personal benefits rather than representing the public.
Failure in democratic process: Many times there was manipulation of elections, and wrong agreements with regional parties, which led to lack of trust among the public. This weakened the democratic system and people were attracted towards militancy.
3. Imbalance in rigid and flexible policies
Use of excessive military force: For some time, harsh military steps were taken to bring the situation in Kashmir under control, which increased discontent among the citizens and negative sentiments grew towards the government.
Lack of timely communication: Whenever instability increased in Kashmir, the central government many times showed failure to establish timely communication with local leaders or the public. This made the public feel that there was no one to listen to their problems.
Neglect of the young generation: The Center did not make concrete efforts to bring Kashmiri youth into the mainstream in time, due to which they came under the influence of radical elements.
4. Lack of economic development and employment generation
Inadequate investment: Not enough attention was given to investment and industrial development in Kashmir. Unemployment and discontent increased due to less employment opportunities and lack of economic development.
Lack of attention to education and skill development: Lack of plans to improve education and skill development kept the youth away from the mainstream and increased the attraction towards radicalism.
5. Weak policy towards Pakistan
Not strictly stopping cross-border terrorism: There was a lack of strict strategy to crush terrorism supported by Pakistan. Due to failure to give a strong message to Pakistan on time, cross-border terrorism and infiltration continued to increase.
Weak diplomacy at the international level: There was a lack of effective diplomatic efforts to present the Kashmir issue in a better way on international forums and to highlight Pakistan’s interference in Kashmir.
6. Lack of respect for culture and identity
Neglect of Kashmir’s cultural identity: Delhi failed to understand and respect Kashmir’s culture, tradition, and religious beliefs. This cultural neglect also caused discontent in the region.
Lack of dialogue with religious leaders and cultural organizations: The Center did not establish timely dialogue with religious leaders and local organizations, due to which the local people could not connect emotionally with the Government of India.
7. Lack of long-term planning towards a permanent solution
Use of temporary policies: Delhi adopted temporary and immediate policies in Kashmir for a long time, which could provide immediate solutions, but not for permanent peace. In the absence of long-term planning and strategy, problems always kept raising their heads.
Lack of emphasis on development and national integration: There was a lack of emphasis on the goals of long-term development, economic self-reliance, and national integration, due to which the problem could not be solved completely.
These policy mistakes of Delhi created many challenges in bringing Kashmir completely into the Indian mainstream. It is necessary for the future that the Central Government adopts a balanced, sensitive and long-term approach so that an environment of lasting peace and development can be established in Kashmir.
Conclusion
Overall, Pakistan has adopted a well-planned, multi-pronged strategy to fund terrorism in Jammu and Kashmir. Its aim has been to destabilise Indian rule in Kashmir, promote separatist activities and spread regional instability. Such activities of Pakistan have caused serious security threat not only to India but to the entire South Asia.
The main difference between civilian and terrorist lies in their purpose, activities and legal status. Civilians live normal lives and follow peace, while terrorists struggle to spread violence, fear and unrest. The international community has recognized terrorism as a crime, and terrorists are punished under the law.
In the 1990s, Pakistan’s ISI used the hawala system to fund terrorism, as it was a confidential, cheap and effective method. Through hawala, Pakistan supplied terrorist organisations with the funds required to promote violence and conflict against India in Kashmir and other places. This hawala network provided Pakistan with an effective and low-cost financial resource to promote terrorism, allowing it to fulfill its purpose while evading global financial surveillance.
The process of sponsoring terrorism by Pakistan began with the Mujahideen movement against the Soviet Union in Afghanistan in the 1980s, which gradually transformed into support for terrorism in Kashmir. Pakistan, through its intelligence agency ISI, provided training, financial assistance and military supplies to terrorists to promote the conflict against India in Kashmir. This terrorism became a part of Pakistan’s strategic policy and continues to this day.
The use of drugs by the ISI to finance terrorism began during the Afghanistan conflict in the 1980s. Pakistan made drug smuggling an important financial source to promote terrorism in Afghanistan and Kashmir. The money obtained from this smuggling was used by terrorist organizations to purchase weapons, train and increase their operations. Pakistan adopted this as a strategic policy to achieve its political and strategic goals.
Pakistan misused the LoC trade to provide funds and resources to terrorists. This trade became a secret route for Pakistan to promote terrorism, strengthen terrorist organizations, and spread unrest in Kashmir. India, realizing the danger of this trade, suspended it to weaken Pakistan’s terrorist network and funding channels. Pakistan used the Line of Control (LoC) trade as a secret and illegal means to provide funds, weapons, and other resources to terrorist groups to fund terrorism. LoC trade was trade across the Line of Control (LoC) between India and Pakistan in Jammu and Kashmir, which was started in 2008. This trade was specifically in the form of exchange of inter-regional textiles, food items, and other products. But over time, Pakistan developed a **underhand strategy** to raise financial resources for terrorists through this trade. Let us know how Pakistan used **LoC trade** to fund terrorism:
**Kashmiri handicrafts** and **terrorism financing** is a complex and sad situation, in which Kashmiri artisans and traders not only faced exploitation by terrorists but also **misused** the cultural heritage of Kashmir. Pakistan used the Kashmiri handicraft industry as an illegal route of **terror financing**, which resulted in promoting terrorism in Kashmir. The Indian government has taken action on this and kept a close watch on the illegal activities happening in the Kashmiri handicraft industry to eliminate terrorism.
Pakistan adopted a new way to promote terrorist activities in India and **spread instability in India** by **misusing MBBS seats** to provide funds to terrorists. Thus, the Pakistani intelligence agency **ISI** developed a **covert strategy** to finance terrorist activities by sending terrorists **to India** under the pretext of medical education. The Indian government took several steps to stop this, but it shows that misuse of education can become a new threat for **terrorist organizations**.
### Conclusion:
There is a complex relationship between **Saudi money, grand mosques and extremism**, in which Saudi Arabia used its oil wealth and religious ideology to promote **radical Islam** and support **terrorist organizations**. Although Saudi Arabia has made some changes in its policy in recent years, its historical impact is still being felt.