Shri Morarji Desai was an Indian freedom fighter , politician and the sixth Prime Minister of India. He is famous as a simple , principled and honest leader of Indian politics. He was the first non-Congress Prime Minister. Let us understand his biography in detail.
1. Early life and education
- Full Name : Morarji Ranchhodji Desai
- Born : 29 February 1896, Bhadeli village , Bulsar district (now Valsad) , Gujarat
- Father : Ranchhodji Desai (was a teacher)
- Education :
- St. Basil’s High School , Bombay
- Bachelor’s degree from Wilson College , Bombay
Morarji Desai started his life as a government employee. For some time he was a Deputy Collector in Bombay Presidency , but dissatisfied with the policy and system of the British, he left the job and jumped into the freedom movement.
2. Role in freedom movement
- Morarji Desai in the 1930s Salt Satyagraha and later Quit India Movement ( 1942) Actively participated in .
- them many times The British government put him in jail .
- He was influenced by the thoughts of Mahatma Gandhi and Sardar Patel.
3. Political career
Post Independence:
- After independence they Chief Minister of Bombay State Became ( 1952-1956) .
- Later Finance Minister of India ( 1958–1963) And Deputy Prime Minister Also made.
Separation from Congress and joining Janata Party:
- Differences started increasing in the Congress under the leadership of Indira Gandhi.
- 1969 the Congress split , and Morarji Desai Congress (organisation) Stay in the group.
- 1975 when Indira Gandhi Emergency When this was imposed , they became its vocal opponents.
- When the Emergency was lifted in 1977 , the Janata Party was formed and came to power by defeating Indira Gandhi.
4. Prime Minister tenure ( 1977–1979)
- Morarji Desai in 1977 First non-Congress Prime Minister of India Made.
- They Government corruption investigations Several commissions were formed for this.
- Tried to improve relations with Pakistan and China.
- Transparency in nuclear policy and advocated peaceful use.
features:
- Very simple life , self-respecting and good character leader.
- He did not misuse any kind of government facility or privilege.
- Urine therapy He also remained in the news due to being a supporter of .
5. Resignation from the post of Prime Minister and later life
- In 1979 , due to internal differences in the Janata Party, he resigned from the party. Resigned from the post of Prime Minister .
- After this he gradually moved away from active politics.
6. Death
- Death info about Morarji Desai 10 April 1995 It happened in Mumbai.
- They 99 years He lived till the age of 19 and was one of the oldest Prime Ministers of India.
7. Honors and legacy
- Them Awarded Bharat Ratna (1991) .
- They Bharat Ratna And Nishan-e-Pakistan of Pakistan He is the only Indian to receive both awards.
conclusion: Morarji Desai was one of the few leaders of Indian politics who did politics with principles and honesty. His life was a symbol of truth , non-violence and simplicity. He is remembered as a disciplined and strict administrator.
Early Life and Education of Morarji Desai
The life of Morarji Desai, a brave fighter of India’s freedom struggle and the sixth Prime Minister of the country, was a symbol of sacrifice , simplicity , discipline and moral values. He was one of those rare leaders of Indian politics who never ignored principles , no matter how difficult the situation in politics was. The foundation of his personality and work was laid in his early life and education. His childhood , family environment , his journey towards education and his early experiences of life established him as a strong and moral political leader.
1. Birth and family background
Morarji Desai was born on February 29 , 1896 Bhadeli Village , District He was born in Bulsar (now Valsad) , Gujarat state. He was born on a special day – February 29 , which comes once every four years , called a leap year. Thus he was one of those rare persons whose actual birthday came once in four years.
His father Ranchhodji Desai There was a school teacher. He was a very disciplined , religious and honest person. Ranchhodji’s influence on Morarji’s life was very deep. His family was middle class , which lacked resources but was full of moral values. The environment of his house was very disciplined and traditional , where children were given the values of simple living , truth , honesty and self-reliance from childhood.
2. Childhood and social environment
Morarji Desai’s childhood was spent in a rural environment. His village was a peaceful , culturally rich , but economically simple area. The village lacked modern facilities , but people were aware of education and culture.
He spent his early years in the simple environment of his family and village. His father’s strict disciplinary policy and religious lifestyle influenced young Morarji from the very beginning. He was a very disciplined boy , who liked to be punctual , concentrate on studies and live a simple life. He always believed in speaking the truth , and these qualities were seen throughout his life.
3. Elementary education
Morarji Desai’s early education started from a local school in his village Bhadeli. Later he joined the school for his secondary education. St. Basil’s High School , Bombay (now Mumbai) He took admission in Bombay (Mumbai) in 1910. Bombay (Mumbai) was a major centre of education at that time , and going there to study was considered a great achievement.
While studying here, he established himself as a hardworking , intelligent and disciplined student. He was good at studies , but more than that, his focus was on moral values and self-control. He was a great follower of religious texts such as Bhagavad Gita He had a deep interest in Gita. The influence of Gita on his thoughts and lifestyle was there from the very beginning.
4. College education and personal struggles
For his graduation he Wilson College , Bombay He took admission in the University. There he showed special interest in mathematics and science subjects. At that time Indian students had to receive education under British rule , in which British ideology was propagated. But Morarji Desai never gave up Indian traditions and values.
He faced many difficulties in his life during college. The financial condition of the family was not very good , yet he completed his education. He had to work part time along with studies. This struggle made him practice self-reliant and living a tough life.
During his college days, his nature and thinking gradually started getting connected with nationalist and social concerns. He had not met Mahatma Gandhi directly till then , but he was getting influenced by his thoughts. He started studying about the Swadeshi movement , Indianness in education and social reforms.
5. Entry into Government Service
After obtaining his graduation degree, Morarji Desai Bombay Presidency ( British Bombay Province) In deputy collector He started working as a Sub Inspector. It was a prestigious government post at that time. This was a new phase in his life , where he gained administrative experience.
But soon he realized that the policies of the British rule were doing injustice to the Indians. He started harboring resentment against the British. Even while in government service, he followed morality and justice. When he saw that unjust policies were being implemented by the British officers and he was being forced to act against his conscience , he took the difficult decision to leave his job.
This decision shows that Morarji Desai did not compromise on his ideals and moral principles at any cost. He believed that if one has to sacrifice anything in life , then that sacrifice itself makes a person great.
6. Pillars of personality development: education and discipline
In Morarji Desai’s life, the aim of education was not just to obtain a degree , but to build character. He said ,
“Without character, education is incomplete.”
( Without character, education is incomplete.)
He believed that if an educated person is not moral , he can become a threat to the society. In his education, values like morality , honesty , self-restraint , celibacy and national service were paramount.
His life was based on the principles of celibacy , self-restraint , yoga and naturopathy. These habits had become a part of his life since childhood. This is the reason why he remained healthy and active for a long time. He adopted simple food , disciplined routine and punctuality throughout his life.
7. Motivational experiences and the foundation of ideology
Early life experiences made him a Moral Warrior And Principled Leader This period of his life was not limited to mere education and job , rather it was a school where he learnt the most valuable lessons of life:
- Serving others
- follow strict discipline
- facing situations without getting frightened
- Standing up for truth and justice
- Applying your ideology to your life
conclusion
Morarji Desai’s early life and education were the foundation of his entire personality. Born as the son of a teacher , the values he imbibed in his life remained with him till he became the Prime Minister. He showed that education is not just bookish knowledge but a medium to make life better , responsible and moral. His simplicity , discipline , truthfulness and high thinking were not only ideal for that era but are a source of inspiration even in today’s era.
Role of Morarji Desai in Freedom Movement
India’s freedom struggle was a long movement full of sacrifice and self-denial , in which thousands of patriots sacrificed their lives , comforts and careers. Many great leaders played a role in this historic movement , one of the prominent and principled leaders was Morarji Desai . Though he may not have achieved the same fame as Gandhi , Nehru or Patel , his role was powerful , moral and of lasting impact.
1. Background of entry into freedom movement
Resignation from government job
After completing his education, Morarji Desai Deputy Collector in Bombay Presidency under British rule He started his government job as a constable. It was a prestigious position and was considered a big achievement for a person like him who came from a middle-class family.
But Morarji Desai’s conscience did not allow him to be a part of the unjust rule under British policy. He was deeply saddened by the discrimination , oppression and humiliating behavior of the British towards Indians.
There was an incident when he had to take harsh punitive action against an innocent Indian farmer. This incident shook him to the core and he felt that he was doing injustice to Indians by being a part of the British law.
After this intellectual and moral struggle , he In the early 1930s , he resigned from his job and dedicated himself to national service. This decision was very bold at that time , when getting a job was an achievement in itself.
2. Active in Indian National Congress
Joining the Congress
After Morarji Desai left the government service Indian National Congress At that time, Congress was leading the freedom movement and leaders like Mahatma Gandhi , Pandit Nehru , Sardar Patel were its guides.
Being a resident of Gujarat , Morarji Desai was Mahatma Gandhi And Sardar Patel had a special influence on him. He imbibed Gandhiji’s ideology of truth , non-violence , self-reliance and Swadeshi.
3. Salt Satyagraha ( 1930)
After the non-cooperation movement, Gandhiji in 1930 Started the Salt Satyagraha (Dandi March) .
The wave of this movement was very widespread in Gujarat. Morarji Desai took active part in this movement. He made people stand against the British Raj , boycotted foreign clothes and inspired them to adopt indigenous clothes.
He along with the satyagrahis Violation of the salt law which caused them to Arrested for the first time He was arrested and sent to jail for some time.
4. Civil Disobedience Movement ( 1932) and Jail Trip
It was restarted by Gandhiji in 1932. Civil disobedience movement Morarji Desai played an important role in this. The aim of this movement was to disregard British laws and tell the public that Indians are ready to fight for their rights.
Morarji Desai was again put in jail for participating in this movement. Even while in jail, he did not give up his discipline , sadhana and commitment to truth. He regularly spent time in meditation , yoga and introspection.
5. Quit India Movement ( 1942)
The most decisive role
‘ Quit India Movement’ of 1942 This was the most decisive turning point in the political and patriotic life of Morarji Desai. On 8 August 1942 , Gandhiji gave the slogan of ” Do or Die ” and the fire of revolution erupted in the entire country.
Morarji Desai played a central role in this movement. He was one of the main organisers of the movement in Gujarat. He gave speeches challenging the British authorities , organised public meetings , boycotted railway and telephone lines.
His activities were so influential that he was immediately arrested by the British and Imprisoned for nearly three years During this time his health also got affected , but he never compromised on his thoughts and ideas.
6. Life in prison and persistence of ideology
Morarji Desai kept his life ideals alive even while in jail:
- They practiced celibacy
- Yoga and Pranayam were included in his daily routine
- He believed in self-restraint and discipline
- He studied religious texts , especially the Bhagavad Gita
Jail was a penance for him , in which he practiced self-reflection and self-respect. This time proved to make his political philosophy and future role more mature.
7. Administrative role before independence
In the last years of independence , when the British began granting partial provincial self-rule , Morarji Desai was Bombay Province (now Maharashtra and Gujarat) of Member in Legislative Council Was made.
Here, even while performing administrative responsibilities, he did not reduce his association with the freedom movement. He ensured that the problems of the public were raised and the arbitrariness of the British officers was opposed.
8. A principled revolutionary
Morarji Desai was a revolutionary like other freedom fighters , but the basis of his revolution was not weapons but Moral strength , discipline , and the path of truth He never supported violence and was a follower of Gandhiji. Nonviolence Always remain faithful to the principles of.
He believed that if an independent India is to be created , then its leaders must first bring morality and honesty in their conduct and life. He believed that self-rule is necessary before self-rule.
9. Inspiring women and youth
Morarji Desai especially tried to involve the youth and women in the freedom movement. He wanted the youth not to only raise slogans but also inspire with their character and lifestyle.
They indigenous education , handicrafts , and self reliance Gave encouragement to , so that India could be made self-reliant.
10. Role at the time of independence
When India gained independence in 1947 , Morarji Desai was He was recognized as an efficient and honest leader in the administration of independent India. He became the Home Minister of the then Bombay state and later the Chief Minister. His image had become that of a leader who does not compromise and works according to the policy and rules.
Conclusion: The Ideal Life of a Warrior
the freedom struggle was not limited to participating in movements , but he laid the foundation of a new politics through his life , thinking , and character. His aim was not only to remove the British but to make India a moral , disciplined and self-reliant nation.
His contribution became an example for the generations to come , and that is why his contribution in the creation of independent India is considered indelible and inspirational.
Political Career of Shri Morarji Desai
Morarji Desai was a leader of Indian politics who not only participated in the freedom struggle but also played a key role in the governance of independent India. He was famous for his discipline , honesty and strict principles. His political career spanned almost five decades – in which he became Chief Minister , Union Minister , Deputy Prime Minister and ultimately the first non-Congress Prime Minister of the country.
1. Entry into Independent India ( after 1947 )
Recognition of administrative ability
After the independence of India, Morarji Desai was He was given an important role in the administration of Bombay state ( now Maharashtra and Gujarat). Due to his organisational skills and leadership ability, he soon became one of the senior leaders of the Congress.
Home Minister of Bombay Province ( 1946–1952)
He was appointed Home Minister of Bombay Province in 1946 , even before independence . He was a strict disciplinarian He became known as a minister. He took many steps to bring transparency and honesty in the administration.
2. Chief Minister of Bombay State ( 1952–1956)
Tenure as Chief Minister
1952. Congress got an absolute majority and Morarji Desai was appointed the Chief Minister of Bombay State. During this time he emphasized on administrative reforms:
- take strict measures against corruption
- Special focus on education and rural development
- The government machinery was strengthened and disciplined
- Initiated reforms in the police and judicial system
Differences over Gujarat-Maharashtra division
1956 when Reorganisation of Bombay State When the plan was made and a proposal came to divide it on the basis of language , Morarji Desai was opposing it. He wanted Bombay to remain a united state , while people wanted separate states – Gujarat and Maharashtra .
Because of this difference of opinion, he He resigned from the post of Chief Minister , which is a proof of his principled approach.
3. Entry into Central Politics ( after 1956 )
As a Union Minister
1956 , Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru included him in the central government. He worked in various ministries:
Finance Minister ( 1958–1963)
- To Morarji Desai Ministry of Finance was given the responsibility of.
- He took tough economic decisions.
- Tried to make the tax system more transparent.
- But his strict budget and fiscal discipline established him as a “tough minister” among the public.
Tension with the Gandhi family
Differences had started arising between Indira Gandhi and Morarji Desai. Especially on the question of succession after Nehru. Morarji Desai wanted democracy in the Congress , but gradually the “Nehruvian charisma” started dominating the party.
4. Split in the Congress Party and resignation ( 1966)
in the race for prime minister
After the death of Nehruji in 1964 , Morarji Desai was a strong contender for the post of Prime Minister , but Lal Bahadur Shastri got this post.
When Shastri ji died in 1966 , Morarji Desai again came forward in the race for the post of Prime Minister , but this time Indira Gandhi was chosen by the Congress leadership.
Deputy Prime Minister and Finance Minister ( 1967–1969)
Morarji Desai was made Deputy Prime Minister and Finance Minister in Indira Gandhi’s cabinet. But the ideological conflict between the two continued to increase.
Indira Gandhi was moving towards socialist and pro-poor policies , while Morarji Desai Strict economic discipline and freedom of the private sector He was a supporter of.
Resignation ( 1969)
Finally in 1969 , Morarji Desai resigned from his post due to differences with Indira Gandhi. Along with this, he also left the Congress party and a new stream emerged within the Congress. “ Organization Congress” ( Congress (O)) emerged as.
5. Leadership of the Opposition and the Emergency ( 1975–1977)
Pillars of opposition
O) faced defeat in the 1971 elections , but Morarji Desai did not give up. He Belief in democracy and electoral politics In 1975 when Indira Gandhi made a government in the country Emergency When this was imposed , Morarji Desai was among the few leaders who openly opposed it.
Prison visit
During the emergency Morarji Desai was also He was arrested and sent to jail . He remained in jail for about 19 months. During this time his stature increased a lot in the opposition.
6. Formation of Janata Party and becoming Prime Minister ( 1977)
Formation of Janata Party
All the opposition parties united in protest against the emergency and they Janata Party The Janata Party was formed. It included parties like Congress ( O), Bharatiya Lok Dal , Jansangh , Socialist etc. Morarji Desai was considered the seniormost leader of the Janata Party.
❖ The historic elections of 1977
The Janata Party contested the 1977 elections and Indira Gandhi was defeated badly. This was the first time in India that the Congress faced defeat.
First non-Congress Prime Minister of India
24 March 1977 , Morarji Desai became the first non-Congress Prime Minister of India . He assumed office at the age of 81 , and was the first Prime Minister of India The oldest Prime Minister ever Made.
7. Tenure as Prime Minister ( 1977–1979)
Achievements
- End of emergency And Restoration of fundamental rights
- Censorship on the press was lifted
- Several constitutional amendments were repealed
- Promoting transparency and honesty in administration
- RAW controlled the powers of
- Initiative for peaceful relations with Pakistan and China
Boundaries and conflicts
The internal differences of the Janata Party gradually began to emerge. Ideological conflicts between the Jana Sangh and the Socialists , leadership struggles and policy differences began to weaken the government.
Resignation ( 1979)
Morarji Desai came under pressure from Charan Singh and other leaders In 1979 he resigned from the post of Prime Minister . With this the Janata government came to an end.
8. Retirement from politics and later life
After stepping down from the post of Prime Minister, Morarji Desai retired from active politics. He took sanyaas . He was engaged in yoga , meditation and introspection in the last years of his life .
Them Bharat Ratna in 1991 Was awarded with.
conclusion
The political life of Morarji Desai is an important chapter in Indian democracy. His career is an example of truth , discipline , honesty and principles. He considered politics as a path of service and moral responsibility.
Contribution of Morarji Desai After Independence
Contribution of Morarji Desai after independence He became a symbol of disciplined , ethical and visionary leadership in the history of Indian politics . Here is a detailed account of his political life “after independence” in about 2000 words covering his work up to and after becoming the Prime Minister.
🟢 1. Initial role in independent India ( 1947–1952)
Benefits of administrative experience
After the independence of India, Morarji Desai was Bombay Province (now Maharashtra and Gujarat) He was given a big responsibility in 1938. Due to his contribution in the freedom movement and administrative experience, he was included in the Bombay Government.
Home Minister of Bombay State ( 1946–1952)
- Morarji Desai was appointed as the Governor of Bombay State just before independence. Home Minister He was appointed as the Chief Minister of Bihar , and held the post even after independence.
- During his tenure in this position, he adopted a tough approach towards law and order , administrative reforms and corruption prevention.
🟢 2. Chief Minister of Bombay State ( 1952–1956)
held the post of Chief Minister
1952 , the first general elections were held in independent India , and the Congress won a landslide majority. Morarji Desai was elected as the Governor of Bombay State. Chief Minister Was appointed.
Major Functions:
- Focused on education , irrigation and agricultural reforms.
- Introduced discipline and transparency in administration.
- Emphasis on prohibition , use of indigenous goods and civil discipline.
Linguistic dispute and resignation
- Demands for separate states arose among Gujarati and Marathi-speaking people in Bombay State.
- When the Centre decided to divide the state , Morarji Desai opposed it and ultimately Resignation from the post of Chief Minister I gave it.
🟢 3. Role as Union Minister ( 1956–1969)
Entrance to the center
1956 Pandit Nehru wrote to Morarji Desai He was included in the Union Cabinet , where he handled important departments like Finance , Home and Industrial Ministry.
Serving as Finance Minister ( 1958–1963)
- They fiscal discipline gave priority to.
- Implemented a strict budget policy , leading him to be called a “tough but honest” minister.
- He stressed on tax reform , planned expenditure control and reducing dependence on foreign debt.
Contribution as Home Minister ( 1963–1966)
- by Morarji Desai internal security and law and order Strengthened the .
- He increased coordination with the states and initiated police reforms.
🟢 4. Race for Prime Minister’s post and differences with Congress ( 1966–1969)
After the death of Shastri Ji
Morarji Desai after the death of Lal Bahadur Shastri in 1966 Main contenders for the post of Prime Minister But the Congress leadership Indira Gandhi was selected.
Deputy Prime Minister and Finance Minister ( 1967–1969)
- Indira Gandhi included him in the government , but ideological differences between the two remained.
- Morarji Desai Economic discipline and the private sector He was in favour of promoting poverty , while Indira Gandhi was emphasizing on poverty alleviation and socialist schemes.
Resignation and separation from Congress Party
- 1969 Morarji Desai resigned from his posts and with the split of the Congress Party he became the Prime Minister. Became the leader of Congress (O) (Congress – Organisation) .
🟢 5. Role as Leader of the Opposition ( 1971–1975)
Strengthening the opposition
- Morarji Desai led the Congress ( O) and organised the opposition in Parliament and across the country.
- He was always vocal in protecting democracy , constitution and transparency.
Opposition to the Emergency
- Imposed by Indira Gandhi in 1975 emergency This was strongly opposed by Morarji Desai.
- He was also arrested and 19 months in jail Was kept.
🟢 6. Formation of Janata Party and becoming Prime Minister ( 1977–1979)
Creation of the Janata Party
- In protest against the Emergency, Janata Party was formed in which Congress ( O), Jan Sangh , Socialist Party and Lok Dal merged.
- Morarji Desai was unanimously elected the leader.
Historic Elections ( 1977)
- 1977 , the Janata Party Historic victory in Lok Sabha elections The power of Pai and Indira Gandhi ended.
- Morarji Desai India’s first non-Congress Prime Minister on 24 March 1977 Made.
🟢 7. Tenure as Prime Minister ( 1977–1979)
Achievements
- End of Emergency , Fundamental Rights restored.
- Ensured freedom of the press.
- Strict action against corruption.
- RAW Accountability of institutions like was fixed.
- Tried to improve diplomatic relations with Pakistan and China.
boundaries
- Ideological differences within the Janata Party.
- Controversy over the role of RSS.
- Charan Singh , Atal Bihari Vajpayee , Lal Krishna Advani.
Resignation ( 1979)
Due to internal strife in Janata Party and rebellion of Charan Singh, Morarji Desai Resigned from the post of Prime Minister in July 1979 I gave it.
🟢 8. Retirement from politics and final years
Retirement from active politics
After stepping down from the post of Prime Minister, Morarji Desai Retirement from active politics He took it. He started living a life of health , yoga and spiritual practice.
Honors and final moments
- In 1991 he was awarded the Bharat Ratna Was awarded with.
- He never took any government house nor any special facility in his life .
- 10 April 1995 he last breath at the age of 99 Took.
conclusion
Morarji Desai PM Modi ‘s political life has become a model of ethics , strict discipline and transparency in public life. He was a politician who not only participated in the freedom struggle but also tried to give honest and accountable governance to independent India. His tenure as Prime Minister may have been short , but his credibility , honesty and moral courage made him an indelible chapter in Indian politics.
Separation From Congress and Joining Janata Party
Separation from Congress and the process of joining the Janata Party This was a turning point in the political life of Morarji Desai. This was the time in the democratic history of India when for the first time an alternative national force was seen emerging in the country and the first non-Congress Prime Minister of independent India came to power. Below is a detailed analysis of this entire event ( with a target of about 2000 words) , including the historical background , main causes , events and their impact.
🟡 Background: Beginning of differences in Congress
Ideological conflict between Indira Gandhi and Morarji Desai
- Morarji Desai was a powerful , experienced and senior leader of the Congress in the 1960s . He ministries like finance and home He had successfully led the party.
- When Lal Bahadur Shastri died in 1966 , Morarji Desai contender for prime minister But Indira Gandhi was made the Prime Minister by the Congress leadership (especially the Syndicate).
- This is where the relationship between him and Indira Gandhi began The foundation of differences was laid .
Congress Split of 1969 : Congress ( O) vs Congress ( R)
Presidential election became the reason for division
When the election for the President of India was held in 1969 , serious differences within the Congress Party came to light.
- Senior Congress leaders (Syndicate) including Morarji Desai Nileshwar Prasad Giri against Neelam Sanjiva Reddy was declared the party’s candidate.
- Indira Gandhi deviated from the official party line Kernel support did and indiscipline She went to the extent of.
Disciplinary action and party split
Indira Gandhi expelled Morarji Desai and other senior leaders from the party and formed a coalition with her loyalists ” Congress (R)” ( Requisitionists) Formed a separate faction by the same name.
- While Morarji Desai and other old leaders ” Congress ( O)” (Organisation) Started running the party in the name of.
- this division In 1969 the Congress Party formally split into two factions It happened – one under the leadership of Indira Gandhi and the other under the leadership of Morarji Desai and Nijalingappa.
🟡 1971 general elections and defeat of Congress ( O)
🔹 ” Garibi Hatao” vs. Discipline and Experience
1971 Lok Sabha elections, Indira Gandhi ” Eliminate Poverty “ Gave the slogan of. Congress ( O) emphasized on development and administrative honesty.
- But Indira Gandhi’s charisma and pro-poor policies succeeded in attracting more people.
- As a result , Congress ( O ) Heavy defeat and Indira Gandhi had to face full majority government Bunny.
🟡 Beginning of Emergency and Opposition Unity ( 1975–1977)
Indira Gandhi accused of electoral rigging
- 1975 , the Allahabad High Court declared the election of Indira Gandhi null and void. Illegal It was declared.
- Soon after that he Emergency on 25 June 1975 It was declared.
Suppression of the opposition
- Many opposition leaders like Morarji Desai , Jayaprakash Narayan , Atal Bihari Vajpayee , Charan Singh , Lal Krishna Advani arrested It was done.
- Press censorship , restrictions on fundamental rights and controls on the judiciary came into effect.
Opposition unity initiative
- While in jail, the spirit of mutual dialogue and cooperation increased among these leaders.
- Morarji Desai was a leader of the opposition during this period Disciplined and experienced face Emerged as.
🟡 Formation of Janata Party ( 1977)
Solidarity as soon as the emergency is lifted
- January 1977 , Indira Gandhi suddenly End the state of emergency and announce elections I did it.
- This was a historic occasion for the opposition.
Merger of various parties
Janata Party was formed , in which the following parties joined:
- Congress ( O) – Morarji Desai , Nijalingappa
- Bharatiya Lok Dal – Charan Singh
- Jan Sangh – Atal Bihari Vajpayee , Lal Krishna Advani
- Socialist Party – Madhu Limaye , George Fernandes
- Other minor parties and independents
This is a Grand Alliance whose sole purpose was to- Defending democracy and ousting Indira Gandhi from power.
🟡 Historic victory of Janata Party (March 1977)
Congress lost for the first time
- 1977 , the Janata Party was defeated Big Win Found it.
- Congress was out of power at the Centre for the first time.
Morarji Desai became the Prime Minister
- Within the Janata Party, leaders like Charan Singh , Jagjivan Ram and Morarji Desai were contenders for the post of Prime Minister.
- Ultimately, Morarji Desai Seniority , experience and fighting image them because of was elected prime minister .
🟡 Morarji Desai’s Prime Ministership ( 1977–1979)
Governance priorities
- Restoration of democracy , freedom of the press , reconstruction of the dignity of the judiciary
- Administrative transparency and strict policy on corruption
- Peaceful Diplomacy with Pakistan and China
- Investigation of atrocities committed during emergency (Shah Commission formed)
Internal conflict
- Janata Party is not a theoretical unity , but Political compromise Was.
- The association of Jan Sangh leaders with RSS became a big controversy.
- Differences between Charan Singh and Morarji Desai kept increasing.
🟡 Dissolution and resignation of Janata Government ( 1979)
Charan Singh’s rebellion
- Deputy Prime Minister Charan Singh raised questions on the policies and working style of Morarji Desai.
- When he withdrew support , the government came into minority.
resign
- 15 July 1979 , Morarji Desai Resignation from the post of Prime Minister I gave it.
- With this the Janata Party government also came to an end.
conclusion
Morarji Desai’s separation from Congress and joining the Janata Party to unite the country Non-Congress alternative leadership Giving this was a turning point in Indian democracy. He proved that power is not the monopoly of only one party , and alternative leadership is possible in democracy. His efforts brought a new dimension to Indian politics. Foundations of the bipolar system And later on this base became the reason for the rise of BJP and other parties.
Prime Minister tenure ( 1977–1979)
Morarji Desai’s tenure as Prime Minister ( 1977–1979) It was unique in many ways in the history of Indian politics. Not only was it the era of the first non-Congress Prime Minister of India , but it was also a period when intense efforts were made to protect and strengthen democracy. Below is a detailed (approximately 2000 words) description of his Prime Ministerial tenure .
🟢 1. Background: Janata Party’s historic victory
post emergency elections
- 25 June 1975 , Indira Gandhi imposed emergency In which fundamental rights were suspended , opposition leaders were jailed and censorship of the press was imposed .
- When the Emergency ended in January 1977 and elections were announced , an anti-Congress wave had risen across the country.
Formation of Janata Party
- Congress ( O), Jana Sangh , Lok Dal , Socialist Party and some other groups together Janata Party Whose aim was the restoration of democracy.
- Morarji Desai was the most senior and experienced leader of this alliance.
Historical results
- March 1977 , the Janata Party created history by defeating the Congress.
- Morarji Desai on 24 March 1977 First non-Congress Prime Minister of India Made.
🟢 2. Governance priorities and policies
Restoration of democracy
- taken during the emergency such as repression , control on the press , interference in the judiciary were reviewed.
- Shah Commission It was formed to investigate the atrocities committed during the Emergency.
Restoration of fundamental rights
- By amending the Constitution it was ensured that in future no government could suspend the fundamental rights so easily.
- Freedom of the press was restored.
Administrative reforms
- Morarji Desai adopted a strict policy to curb administrative corruption and bureaucracy.
- His life itself was an example of discipline and honesty , which he tried to reflect in his governance as well.
economic policy
- Instead of socialism, he frugality and self-reliance But he emphasized.
- Efforts were made to reduce dependence on foreign loans and imports.
- Prohibition of alcohol and a frugal lifestyle were promoted.
🟢 3. Contribution to foreign policy
Relations with Pakistan
- After Indira Gandhi’s tough stand, Morarji Desai started a dialogue with Pakistan policy of peaceful dialogue Adopted.
- He initiated dialogue with Zia-ul-Haq and tried to restore trust.
Efforts with China
- 1962 war, India-China relations had cooled down. Morarji Desai took steps to improve relations.
Nuclear policy
- Morarji Desai was a staunch opponent of nuclear weapons. He slowed down India’s nuclear program , which also earned him criticism.
🟢 4. Discord within Janata Party
Ideological differences
- Janata Party was formed by the alliance of various parties – Jan Sangh , Socialist , Congress ( O), Lok Dal.
- the leaders of the Jana Sangh Association with RSS This made other leaders uncomfortable , especially the Socialist and Gandhian factions.
Leadership Struggle
- There was competition for leadership and influence among leaders such as Charan Singh , Jagjivan Ram and Atal Bihari Vajpayee.
- Morarji Desai , though senior , his harsh style and tendency to stick to decisions increased internal discontent.
🟢 5. Charan Singh controversy and fall of government
Charan Singh’s rebellion
- Deputy Prime Minister Charan Singh was angry with Morarji Desai. He told him ‘ Dictator ‘ and ‘ obstinate ‘ relaxed me.
- He took a different path, opposing the Jansangh’s links with the RSS.
resign
- The government came into minority and on 15 July 1979 Morarji Desai resigned. Resigned from the post of Prime Minister .
🟢 6. Achievements and criticisms
Achievements:
- Restoration of democracy: Democratic institutions were rebuilt after the Emergency.
- Honest Administration: Corruption was curbed and morality in public life was promoted.
- Ethical Leadership: Morarji Desai’s personal life was exemplary – he rejected government facilities and did not take personal benefits.
Criticisms:
- Weaknesses of the Alliance: The Janata Party was formed more on the spirit of opposition than on ideology , which led to its lack of stability.
- Rigidity in decision making: Morarji Desai was not flexible ; he often ignored the views of the allies.
- Slow pace of nuclear policy: His staunch non-violent ideology limited scientific development.
🟢 7. After tenure
- Morarji Desai after his resignation Retirement from active politics Took it.
- He never contested for any position again.
- He spent the rest of his life in yoga , indigenous lifestyle and spiritual practice.
conclusion
Morarji Desai’s tenure as Prime Minister was a symbol of the strengthening of Indian democracy. Even though this period was surrounded by political instability and contradictions , it gave the message that there is a strong will in India. Democracy is open to options And monopoly on power cannot continue. His contribution was rooted in the ideals of democracy , ethical politics and honesty.
Resignation as Prime Minister and Later Life
Resignation from the post of Prime Minister and later life of Morarji Desai It is a quiet but deeply inspiring chapter in the political history of India . This chapter shows how an idealistic leader maintains his commitment to society and nation even after leaving power. In this detailed account, we are presenting the background of Morarji Desai’s resignation , its reasons , and the major events of his life after that in about 2000 words.
🟣 1. Background of resignation
Janata Party’s internal conflict
When Morarji Desai took oath as Prime Minister on 24 March 1977 , the Janata Party was a coalition government It was a coalition government which came to power by uniting against the Congress. It included Congress ( O), Jansangh , Lokdal , Socialists , and other smaller parties.
- At the party internal ideological differences There were – especially among the Jan Sangh leaders and the socialists.
- Charan Singh and Morarji Desai Policies and leadership style There were sharp differences of opinion about it.
- The issue of dual membership (association with both Janata Party and RSS) of Jan Sangh leaders associated with RSS deepened.
Charan Singh’s rebellion
- July 1979 , Charan Singh withdrew his support from the Janata Party government.
- He alleged that Morarji Desai was ruling dictatorially and did not listen to his allies.
failure to prove majority
- Morarji Desai in the Parliament could not prove majority And on 15 July 1979 he resigned from the post of Prime Minister. I resigned .
🟣 2. Political situation immediately after resignation
Charan Singh’s short-lived government
- President Neelam Sanjiva Reddy appointed Charan Singh as the Prime Minister.
- But due to lack of support from Indira Gandhi he could not prove his majority and Had to resign in just 23 days .
🔹 Indira Gandhi’s return in 1980
- The failure of the Janata Party and its internal divisions caused disappointment among the people.
- Indira Gandhi took advantage of this atmosphere and returned to power with a huge majority in the 1980 elections.
🟣 3. Political retirement of Morarji Desai
Retirement from active politics
- After leaving the post of Prime Minister, Morarji Desai publicly said Retirement from politics was announced.
- He did not hold any post , nor contest any elections , nor take active part in party activities.
Farewell to patience and dignity
- He neither criticized his successors , nor got involved in any political controversy.
- it’s their Dignity and balance of personality It reflects.
🟣 4. Later life: Dedication to yoga , health and spirituality
simple living , high thinking
- Morarji Desai, as always, lived a simple and disciplined life.
- They Pure vegetarian , regular yoga practitioner And complete abstinence from alcohol and tobacco There were persons.
health awareness
- He was famous for his health. He adopted and promoted “ urine therapy ” , which became a controversial but popular topic .
- He believed that self-control , regular routine and mental balance can help a person achieve longevity.
Support of Ayurveda , Naturopathy and Yoga
- He was a supporter of these alternative medical methods and contributed to their promotion.
🟣 5. Social contribution and active participation in public life
Public lectures
- He occasionally gave public lectures in which he encouraged young people to moral life , honesty , and patriotism Used to give the message of.
- He continued to play the role of a guide in the social life of the country.
Autobiography and writings
- Morarji Desai wrote some articles and memoirs to share his life experiences , which give a glimpse of his ideology and principles.
🟣 6. International honours and recognition
Honours by Pakistan
- 1990 the Pakistan government awarded him the ” Nishan-e-Pakistan” Awarded the highest Pakistani civilian honour given to an Indian.
- it’s their Indo-Pak peace efforts and liberal approach There was evidence of.
Controversy and criticism
- Some critics considered his acceptance of the award a mistake , but Morarji Desai considered it a mistake. Victory for humanity and peace told.
🟣 7. Final Years and Demise
centenarian life
- Morarji Desai lived for more than a hundred years. He Born on February 29, 1896 There were and on April 10 , 1995 , at the age of 99 He passed away.
- They India’s first centenarian politician and even today his longevity is considered to be the result of discipline and restraint .
conclusion
Morarji Desai’s resignation from the post of Prime Minister and his subsequent life teaches us that Politics is not only a game of power , but Principles , Service and Restraint It could also be the area of. He left power with dignity , did not show any bitterness and Respecting the norms of Indian democracy His life is a gift for the coming generations Inspiration for ethical politics and simple living shall remain.
Morarji Desai: Honours and Legacy
Morarji Desai was one of those rare politicians of India who not only participated in the freedom struggle but also strengthened the foundation of democratic and moral values of independent India. The biggest asset of his life was his Honesty , commitment to principles , and personal discipline While being the Prime Minister and even after leaving the post, he never resorted to cheap popularity. His contribution to Indian politics , administration , and moral values is invaluable. Let us analyse in detail the honours he received and his lasting legacy.
🟢 1. Major National Honours
Bharat Ratna ( 1991)
- To Morarji Desai In 1991 he was awarded the Bharat Ratna , India’s highest civilian honour.
- was given to him for his long public life , contribution to democracy , and policy integrity.
- It is his contribution National acceptance is a symbol of.
Freedom Fighters Pension and Recognition
- He was awarded the prestigious ‘Abhinandan Samman’ for his participation in the Indian freedom struggle. Honored as a freedom fighter .
- Many states paid tribute to him by naming institutions and roads after him.
🟢 2. International Honour
Nishan-e-Pakistan ( 1990)
- The Pakistan government has ” Nishan-e-Pakistan” He was awarded the Gold Medal , Pakistan’s highest civilian honour.
- this respect His efforts in improving Indo-Pak relations Given for.
- Morarji Desai is the first and only Indian to receive this honour.
Importance: He always followed the policy of peace instead of war and was an advocate of good relations with neighbouring countries. This award was an international recognition of his pacifist approach.
🟢 3. His political legacy
Legitimizing non-Congress politics
- Morarji Desai First non-Congress Prime Minister of India Made.
- This strengthened the maturity of change of power in democracy.
- He proved that a stable , alternative and moral government can be run even outside the Congress.
The concept of coalition government
- The Janata Party government was India’s first coalition government.
- This is the era of multiparty politics and coalitions in today’s world. foundation It is considered.
a dignified departure from power
- After leaving the post of Prime Minister, he Complete retirement from politics He took it and never craved for power – this is rarely seen.
🟢 4. An example of morality and discipline
Anti-corruption approach
- In the life of Morarji Desai a single allegation of corruption I didn’t feel it.
- He has always Simple life and strict discipline adhered to.
Alcohol prohibition and social reform
- They Anti-alcohol He was a supporter of prohibition in many states including Gujarat.
- public health , yoga , naturopathy and disciplined living.
Promoter of urine therapy
- by Morarji Desai Supported urine therapy as a health practice , which was discussed worldwide.
- Although there was controversy about it , his health and longevity brought the subject widespread recognition.
🟢 5. Contribution in protecting democracy
Restoration of democracy after emergency
- After becoming the Prime Minister, he took action during the Emergency Took action against repression and censorship .
- They Shah Commission By establishing the Emergency, the matter was investigated.
Constitutional reform
- something in the constitution Amendment So that no Prime Minister can ever again misuse powers like Emergency.
- Restored freedom of the press.
🟢 6. Contribution to education and institutions
Institutions named after him:
- There are many places in the country named after him. Schools , roads , public buildings and research institutes are named , such as:
- Morarji Desai National Institute of Yoga (New Delhi)
- Morarji Desai Residential Schools (in states like Karnataka , Gujarat , Maharashtra etc.)
Educational Motivation
- His life for the students Self-discipline , hard work and honesty remains an inspiration.
🟢 7. Longevity and personal life inspiration
lifespan of over a hundred years
- Morarji Desai India’s first centenarian politician He lived for 99 years and 41 days.
- It is their Controlled lifestyle , balanced diet , yoga and positive thinking was the result of.
personal simplicity
- Even while being the Prime Minister, he lived a simple life and made minimum use of government facilities.
- He believed in direct communication with the public and used to reply to letters himself.
Conclusion: A rare legacy
Morarji Desai’s legacy is not limited to his becoming the Prime Minister. He was a leader who proved through his life that politics is not just a political issue. A medium of honesty , principle and service Maybe. He was one of those few politicians who neither compromised for power nor gave up on principles.
His legacy remains important for Indian politics even today. a mirror Which shows how the country can be served with morality , restraint , and devotion. His name will be remembered for generations to come. Honest and disciplined public life The symbol of will remain.
If you want I can write a post on this subject PowerPoint presentation , PDF handout , or Brief Notes I can also prepare some which will be useful for competitive exams or writing. Would you like any of these ?
Conclusion: Life and Contribution of Morarji Desai
Morarji Desai is counted among those great men of Indian politics who gave a new direction to public life with his principles , ethics and disciplined life. His entire life is an example of a leader who neither got entangled in the allure of power nor succumbed to any political temptation.
He was a freedom fighter who participated in movements against the British and went to jail. After independence, he served as Chief Minister , Deputy Prime Minister and finally Prime Minister, safeguarding administrative efficiency as well as moral values. He became the first non-Congress Prime Minister of India , proving the maturity of power transition in Indian democracy.
His biggest identity was – Honesty , simplicity , self-discipline and complete dedication to the country . He never compromised on principles , and at the level of policies he was very clear and firm. After resigning from the post of Prime Minister, he retired from politics , which shows that for him power was not an end , but a means of service.
His longevity , awareness towards yoga and health , support for alternative medical methods like urine therapy made him a unique personality. He also received honours like Bharat Ratna and Pakistan’s Nishan-e-Pakistan – which attest to his international outlook and pacifist thinking.
Today, Morarji Desai’s legacy is an inspiration for India , teaching us that honest and principled politics is not only possible , but also necessary. His life also teaches us that simplicity , restraint and devotion to duty are the greatest assets of a leader.