Full name: Rajiv Ratna Gandhi
Born: 20 August 1944, Mumbai (then Bombay) , Maharashtra
Died: 21 May 1991, Sriperumbudur , Tamil Nadu
Father: Shri Feroze Gandhi
Mother: Mrs. Indira Gandhi
Wife: Mrs Sonia Gandhi
Children: Rahul Gandhi and Priyanka Gandhi Vadra
Early Life and Education:
Rajiv Gandhi was born in a prominent political family of India. He was the son of India’s first woman Prime Minister Mrs. Indira Gandhi. He received his early education in Dehradun. The Doon School After this he went to England for higher education and University of Cambridge He took admission in IIT Kanpur. He studied Mechanical Engineering and Computer Science from there , although he could not complete the degree.
private life:
Rajiv Gandhi met Sonia Maino from Italy and the two got married in 1968. He initially wanted to stay away from politics and began working as a professional pilot. Indian Airlines I used to work.
Political career:
Rajiv Gandhi’s entry into politics was unexpected. He became active in politics after his younger brother Sanjay Gandhi died in a plane crash in 1980. After the assassination of his mother , Prime Minister Indira Gandhi , on 31 October 1984 , he became Prime Minister of India. 6th Prime Minister He became the Prime Minister of India. At that time he was only 40 years old and he was the Prime Minister of India. The youngest Prime Minister Made.
Tenure as Prime Minister:
- He in India Information Technology and Telecom Revolution Laid the foundation of.
- bringing the youth into politics and Panchayati Raj Made several reforms to strengthen the
- They education , science and technology , and modernization Stressed on.
- To establish peace in Sri Lanka Indian Peace Keeping Force ( IPKF) , which remained controversial .
Death:
On 21 May 1991 , when he went to Sriperumbudur in Tamil Nadu for Lok Sabha election campaign , he was assassinated in a suicide attack. This attack Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam ( LTTE) It was done by.
Heritage: Rajiv Gandhi got a modern thinking leaders The foundation of the development that took place in the field of information technology in India was laid during his time. In his memory, every year on 21st May , the National Information Technology Day is celebrated. ‘ Anti-Terrorism Day ‘ It is celebrated.
Early Life – Shri Rajiv Gandhi
Rajiv Gandhi was born on 20 August 1944 in Mumbai (then Bombay) city of Maharashtra. He was the elder son of India’s first woman Prime Minister Mrs. Indira Gandhi and freedom fighter Feroze Gandhi. His childhood was spent in the environment of a political and prestigious family , but initially he had no special interest in politics.
Rajiv Gandhi’s early education was done in the prestigious Dehradun The Doon School Gandhi was born in 1910 , where his younger brother Sanjay Gandhi also studied. After this he went to England for higher education , where he first studied in the Imperial College , London in and then University of Cambridge ( Trinity College) He enrolled in IIT Bombay in 1985. He studied subjects like engineering and computer science , although he could not complete his studies.
Rajiv Gandhi had a special interest in music and machines. Without completing his studies, he returned to India and Indian Airlines I started working as a professional pilot.
Staying away from politics, he married an Italian girl in 1968. Sonia Maino He married her. From this marriage, he had two children – Rahul Gandhi And Priyanka Gandhi Vadra . Rajiv Gandhi’s early life was an example of simplicity and balance in personal life , and he loved to live like an ordinary citizen until circumstances turned him towards politics.
Education – Shri Rajiv Gandhi
Rajiv Gandhi was educated in a prestigious and international background. He was inclined towards technical subjects and science from the very beginning , although he stayed away from politics during his studies.
Elementary education:
Rajiv Gandhi received his early education in the Indian state of Uttarakhand. The Doon School , Dehradun He received his B.Ed. from the University of Delhi. This school is one of the prestigious schools of the country and there he learned discipline , leadership and participation in various cultural activities. His younger brother Sanjay Gandhi also studied here.
Higher education:
After completing his education from Doon School, Rajiv Gandhi went abroad for higher studies. He first studied in Imperial College , London He took admission in , where he studied engineering related subjects. After this he University of Cambridge ( Trinity College) He enrolled in , where he received education in modern subjects like computer science and mechanical engineering.
However , he could not obtain a formal degree from any university. But despite this , his thinking was modern and he had a keen interest in science , technology , computers and communication systems . This was the reason that later when he became the Prime Minister , he made a big contribution to the development of the country in India. Information Technology And Telecom sector Revolutionary changes were made in the
Rajiv Gandhi’s education gave him a perspective that balanced tradition and modernity.
Personal Life – Shri Rajiv Gandhi
Rajiv Gandhi’s personal life was full of simplicity , love and family values. He was a person who wanted to live a normal life by staying away from politics , but circumstances brought him to the highest political responsibility of the country.
Marriage:
Rajiv Gandhi met her during her studies in England Sonia Maino Rajiv Gandhi and Sonia Gandhi were married in 1968 with the consent of the family. After marriage, Sonia Gandhi adopted Indian culture and started living like an Indian daughter-in – law .
Family:
Rajiv and Sonia Gandhi had two children –
- Rahul Gandhi ( Born: 1970)
- Priyanka Gandhi Vadra ( born 1972)
Rajiv Gandhi was a loving father and a simple person. He loved listening to music , photography , and was interested in technical things. He was also a professional pilot and before joining politics, he worked as a pilot in the Indian Air Force. Indian Airlines Served for many years in.
Distance from politics:
Rajiv Gandhi initially wanted to stay away from politics. He was with his younger brother sanjay gandhi Considering his political career, he himself believed in leading a quiet and private life. But after the death of Sanjay Gandhi in a plane crash in 1980 , he entered active politics under family and national responsibility.
Rajiv Gandhi’s personal life was an example of a normal , peaceful and family life , which he led with great love and responsibility.
Political Career – Shri Rajiv Gandhi
Rajiv Gandhi’s entry into politics came after a personal tragedy. He originally wanted to stay away from politics , but circumstances in the family and the country turned him towards politics.
Entry into Politics:
1980 his younger brother sanjay gandhi died in a plane crash. Sanjay Gandhi was considered to be Indira Gandhi’s political successor. After this tragic incident , Indira Gandhi inspired Rajiv Gandhi to join politics.
Rajiv Gandhi joined the Congress Party and became the Prime Minister in the same year. Amethi Lok Sabha Seat He was elected as MP from.
Role in Congress:
After entering politics, Rajiv Gandhi was soon given important responsibilities. He of the Indian National Congress General Secretary Rajiv Gandhi was made the Prime Minister and worked to strengthen the party organization.
Rajiv Gandhi was in favor of a modern , clean and technocratic approach to politics. He wanted to bring youth into politics and emphasized on transparency.
Becoming Prime Minister:
On October 31, 1984 , Smt. assassination of indira gandhi After that Rajiv Gandhi took over the reins of the country. He was the Prime Minister of India. Youngest Prime Minister ever became – at that time his age was only 40 years Was.
1984 General Election:
There was a wave of sympathy across the country after Indira Gandhi’s assassination. In the 1984 Lok Sabha elections, the Congress Party won a historic majority – 404 out of 543 seats. This is still considered the biggest mandate in Indian politics.
Key achievements:
- The beginning of the IT and telecom revolution
- Panchayati Raj and youth participation Promoting
- New education policy proposal of
- Peace efforts: To stop the civil war in Sri Lanka Indian Peace Keeping Force ( IPKF) sent
- Tough stand against corruption ( though the Bofors scandal caused controversy during his tenure)
Challenges:
Some controversial incidents also took place during his tenure , such as –
- 1984 Sikh riots
- Bofors scandal:
These issues damaged his image and Congress was voted out of power in the 1989 general elections.
Final Step:
Rajiv Gandhi was again the Congress candidate for the post of Prime Minister in the 1991 Lok Sabha elections , but on 21 May 1991 in Sriperumbudur, Tamil Nadu He was assassinated in a suicide bomb attack in 1977. This attack LTTE ( Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam) was did.
Rajiv Gandhi’s political career was short , but he led the country towards modernity. He is remembered as a young , visionary and technologically minded leader.
Tenure as Prime Minister – Shri Rajiv Gandhi
Rajiv Gandhi did 31 October 1984 took over as the Prime Minister of India. At that time he was only 40 years , from which they India’s youngest Prime Minister His tenure was an important step towards the creation of modern India.
His tenure as Prime Minister ( 1984–1989) was historic in many ways – he laid the foundation for modern reforms in science , technology , communications , education and administration.
Major Achievements:
1. Beginning of Information Technology ( IT) and Telecom Revolution
Rajiv Gandhi in India Computer and Information Technology Promoted to.
- They C -DAC Established institutions like.
- Across the country Digital networks and telephone systems was modernised.
- Sam Pitroda Like making improvements in telecom by taking experts along.
2. Improvement in education
- New National Policy on Education ( 1986) was implemented.
- To promote education in rural areas Education Schemes and Navodaya Vidyalayas was started.
- Priority was given to scientific and technical education.
3. Panchayati Raj and decentralisation of power
- They 73rd and 74th Constitutional Amendment Proposed , which would give more powers to panchayats and urban bodies.
- From this Democracy at the village level got strengthened.
4. Engaging youth in politics and development
Rajiv Gandhi believed that development of the country is not possible without youth.
- They 18 years of age I gave them the right to vote.
- National Youth Policy Was constructed.
5. Promotion of science and modern technology
- Technical institutions were developed to international standards.
- Government investment in computers and scientific research was increased.
Challenges and Controversies:
1. Bofors Scandal ( 1986)
This deal, related to a Swedish arms company, was mired in corruption allegations , which tarnished Rajiv Gandhi’s image. Was shocked.
2. IPKF mission in Sri Lanka
Rajiv Gandhi tried to establish peace between Tamil rebels and the government in Sri Lanka. Indian Peace Keeping Force ( IPKF) The decision was controversial and drew criticism in India.
3. 1984 anti-Sikh riots
There was severe criticism of the government’s role in the Sikh riots that followed Indira Gandhi’s assassination. This incident became a sad shadow of Rajiv Gandhi’s tenure.
End of term:
Rajiv Gandhi’s tenure lasted till December 1989. Due to the Bofors scandal and some other issues, the popularity of his government declined and Congress lost the 1989 Lok Sabha elections had to face.
Although he was campaigning to become Prime Minister again in 1991 , A suicide bomb attack on 21 May 1991 He was murdered in.
conclusion: Rajiv Gandhi is a Makers of Modern India He is remembered as the Prime Minister of India. He laid a strong foundation for moving India towards the 21st century. His tenure as Prime Minister is known as the Technology , youth empowerment , and democratic reforms It is seen as a historic era for the.
Information Technology and Telecom Revolution – Shri Rajiv Gandhi
Rajiv Gandhi’s tenure as Prime Minister of India Information Technology ( IT) And Telecommunications He is known for bringing revolutionary changes in the field of technology. He made technology and science the basis for leading the country towards the 21st century. At a time when computers and digital communication were new things , Rajiv Gandhi considered them the key to India’s future.
Major contributions:
1. Development of computers and IT
- Rajiv Gandhi promoted computer and information technology in India at a time when most people were against it.
- He formulated policies to implement IT in education , administration , and industries.
- In India, this Software Industry The foundation of was laid , which is a global leader today.
2. Sam Pitroda and the establishment of C-DOT
- They Sam Pitroda by calling in a visionary technologist such as C-DOT (Centre for Development of Telematics) Got it established.
- Its objective was to provide telephone facility to remote villages of India.
- They digital exchange system which helped to modernise the telephone network.
3. Expansion of telecommunication network
- Telephone was a luxury in India in the 1980s , but due to the efforts of Rajiv Gandhi it came within the reach of common people.
- They STD booths , digital telephone exchanges , and Cellular Networks Laid the foundation of.
- This started the communications revolution in India and made today’s mobile and internet era possible.
4. Integration of education and technology
- Rajiv Gandhi promoted computer education in schools and colleges.
- This gave a new direction to technical education in India and created a new generation which helped in the creation of IT and Digital India.
long term effects:
These steps initiated by Rajiv Gandhi have given India a strong future ” IT Hub of the World “ Gave the foundation for becoming.
- Bengaluru , Hyderabad and Pune became hubs of the IT industry.
- The youth of India started getting employment opportunities in global companies.
- The digital thinking that he gave , later on Digital India , Startup India , and make in india It became the basis for campaigns like this.
conclusion:
Rajiv Gandhi was considered responsible for the information technology and telecom revolution in India. Modern Architect His foresight and technological approach gave India a new identity on the global stage.
Panchayati Raj – Contribution of Shri Rajiv Gandhi
Rajiv Gandhi believed that Democracy can become strong only when power reaches the common people. With this thought in mind, he Panchayati Raj System He took many important steps to strengthen the village. His aim was to provide relief to the people living in the villages. Decision making power And responsibility for development meet.
Key Initiatives:
1. Decentralization of Power
Rajiv Gandhi realized that the central and state governments cannot solve the small problems of villages effectively. So he Governance at the village level resolved to strengthen it.
2. 73rd Constitutional Amendment ( 1992) ( passed on his initiative , after his death)
- It was due to the efforts of Rajiv Gandhi 73rd Constitutional Amendment Act A bill was prepared , which was passed in 1992 after his death .
- According to this Gram Panchayat , Panchayat Samiti , and District Council to institutions such as Constitutional status found.
- Panchayats are now provided with regular elections , fixed tenure , financial powers , and reservation for weaker sections including women.
3. Establishment of Gram Sabha
- Rajiv Gandhi gave central importance to the role of Gram Sabha , where all adult citizens of the village could come together and decide on development plans.
- From this Public Participation And Transparency increased.
4. Transfer of financial powers
- to the Panchayat institutions funds for development projects And resources He clearly said that he would give.
- He tried to ensure that the development money was spent on directly to gram panchayats Reach out.
Rajiv Gandhi’s Viewpoint:
Rajiv Gandhi’s famous statement is:
” If one rupee is sent from Delhi , only fifteen paise reaches the village.”
By this statement he meant to say that without decentralisation, development plans fall prey to corruption and chaos. He tried to change this very system.
Effect:
- today in india Three-tier Panchayati Raj system ( village , block , district) is the result of Rajiv Gandhi’s thinking.
- Lakhs of Sarpanches , women representatives , and local leaders are driving the flow of development in the villages.
- In India women’s empowerment , local development , and Rural Participation This is the basis of the system.
conclusion:
Rajiv Gandhi in India Architect of the modern Panchayati Raj system It is said. The dream he had of taking power to the lowest level of the people has today become the strength of Indian democracy.
Education , Science and Technology , and Modernization – Shri Rajiv Gandhi
Rajiv Gandhi believed that if India has to become a strong and developed nation in the 21st century , then it must become self-reliant and modern in the field of education , science and technology. He gave top priority to these areas during his tenure as Prime Minister and took many historic steps.
1. Reforms in the field of education
New National Policy on Education ( 1986):
- In 1986 , the Rajiv Gandhi government New National Education Policy was implemented , the purpose of which Equal and quality education for all Had to make available.
- under this policy girl child education , rural education , and Education of underprivileged classes was promoted.
Establishment of Navodaya Vidyalayas:
- To provide better education to talented rural students Jawahar Navodaya Vidyalaya were started.
- These schools provide free residential education and continue to play an important role in India’s education structure today.
Promotion of technical education:
- Engineering , science , and computer education were given priority.
- Engineering Colleges and IT Institutes The number of was increased.
2. Promotion of science and technology
Expansion of Scientific Thinking:
- He worked to promote scientific outlook National Science and Technology Mission Run it.
- Science teaching was strengthened in schools and colleges.
👉 Establishment of C-DAC :
- To develop supercomputer technology C-DAC (Centre for Development of Advanced Computing) was established.
- The first supercomputer built in India – PARAM 8000 – was the result of this organization.
Support to Defence , Space and Research:
- ISRO ( Indian Space Research Organisation) was given more resources and technical support.
- Telemedicine , satellite communications , and remote sensing India made progress in.
3. Modernization and digital transformation
Entry into Computers and IT :
- Due to the efforts of Rajiv Gandhi Computer Education and Information Technology ( IT) expanded in India.
- Despite opposition at that time, he took the bold decision to introduce computers into government offices , banks , and schools.
Use of Modern Technology in Administration:
- in government work Digital filing , database management New systems like were introduced.
- This reduced corruption and increased transparency.
conclusion:
Rajiv Gandhi sought to transform India through education , science , and technological development Innovation and self-reliance He led the world on the path of development. His dream was of an India that was modern , young , and technologically strong – and he laid its foundation.
Death – Shri Rajiv Gandhi
Rajiv Gandhi’s death was one of the most tragic and shocking events in the political history of India. This event was a deep shock not only for the Congress party but for the entire country.
Background to the murder:
Rajiv Gandhi once again in 1991 Prime Ministership He was campaigning for the Lok Sabha election. During this time he South India , especially Tamil Nadu He was addressing election rallies in.
Sri Lanka and LTTE connection :
- Rajiv Gandhi during his tenure as Prime Minister Peace established in Sri Lanka to the government and the Tamil rebel organization LTTE ( Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam) tried to bring about a compromise between the two.
- Under this, he Indian Peace Keeping Force ( IPKF) sent to Sri Lanka , from which LTTE was angry with them Done.
- LTTE them Enemy of Tamils He believed it and was looking for a chance to take revenge.
Murder incident:
- Date: 21 May 1991
- place: Sriperumbudur , Tamil Nadu (near Chennai)
- Incident:
Rajiv Gandhi had reached Sriperumbudur to address an election rally.
While he was meeting supporters , Sagittarius A woman named , who LTTE suicide bombers she went to him on the pretext of putting a garland of flowers on him and presented herself detonated explosive belt Rajiv Gandhi was also killed
in the blast . 18 other people were also killed.
Results and Feedback:
- The murder shocked the entire nation.
- The Indian Government immediately Special Investigation Team ( CBI- SIT) for investigation Formed.
- It was later proved that LTTE was behind this murder .
- Seven people were convicted in the conspiracy , some of whom were sentenced to death and some to life imprisonment.
conclusion:
Rajiv Gandhi was not only assassinated by a politician but also by a A young man , a visionary and the architect of modern India His death created a stir in Indian politics
Threats of violence and radicalisation and plunged the country into deep mourning.